Evidence Based Care

Evidence Based Care

The effect of sound therapy on the anxiety and blood pressure of patients on the waiting list for gastrointestinal endoscopy: A randomized clinical trial

Document Type : Original Quantitative and Qualitative Research Paper

Authors
Nahid Rejeh 1
Majideh heraevi-Krimooi 1
Alireza Nikibakhat 2
Behzad Jodiri 3
Farid Zayeri 4
Ali Jahani 5
1 Associate Professor, Elderly Care Research Centre, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
2 Professor Nursing Group, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
3 Assistant Professor Medical Group, School of Medical, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
4 Associate Professor Biostatistics Group, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
5 Master of Sience Nursing Group, Raosul Akram Medical Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
10.22038/ebcj.2015.4057
Abstract
Background: Anxiety is one the main problems of patients on waiting list for endoscopic procedures. Previous studies have indicated adverse effects of anxiety on these patients.
Aim: to determine the effect of sound therapy on the anxiety and blood pressure of patients on waiting list for endoscopy.
Methods: This was a randomized clinical trial, in which 124 patients on waiting list for endoscopy were randomly divided into control and experimental groups at the department of endoscopy in Mustafa Khomeini hospital in 2012- 2013. Patients in the experimental group received nature-based sounds 20 minutes before endoscopy, while the control group received routine interventions. Anxiety (using spielburger questionnaire) and blood pressure were measured 20 minutes and immediately before endoscopy in both groups. The data were analyzed by independent t-test, chi-square, and Fisher’s exact tests using SPSS (v. 14).
Results: In the experimental group, 56.45% were women and in the control group 54.84% were men. The mean score of anxiety in the experimental and control groups was 31.6±3.3 and 68.9 ±9.5, respectively after the intervention (p<0.05). The mean systolic blood pressure of the experimental and control groups after the intervention was 120.6 ±11.5 and 150.0 ±20.8, respectively (P<0.001).
Conclusion: Sound therapy had positive effects on reducing the anxiety of patients on the waiting list for endoscopy and may reduce BP and anxiety. Thus, it is recommended as a non-pharmacologic intervention.
Keywords
Anxiety
Sound therapy
Endoscopy
blood pressure
Gastrointestinal Disorders
Subjects
  1. Taylor S, Asmudsonn, GJ. Trating Health Anxiety A Cognitive Behavioral Approach. The Guiford press. 2004
  2. Smeltzer S, Bare B, Hinkle J, Cheerer K. Brunner & Suddarth's Medical-Surgical Nursing. 11th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams Wilkins; 2012.
  3. Kutluturkan S, Gorgulu U, Fesci H, Karavelioglu A. The Effects of Providing Pre-gastrointestinal Endoscopy Written Educational Material on Patients' Anxiety: A Randomised Controlled Trial. Int J Nurs Stud. 2010; 47(9):1066-73.
  4. Nobahar M, Vafaei AA, Hoshmand Motlagh P, Assessment the Complication of Endoscopy, Medical Sciences (Behbood). 2004; 8(1):28-34. (Persian)
  5. Boghratian A, Chalian M, Chalian H, Ghavami Y. Ascitic Fluid to Serum Bilirubin Ratio for Differentiation of Exudates from Transudates. MJIRI. 2008; 22 (3):132-6. (Persian)
  6. Trevisani L, Sartori S, Putinati S, Gaudenzi P, Chiamenti CM, Gilli G. Assessment of Anxiety Levels in Patients during Diagnostic Endoscopy. Recenti Prog Med. 2002; 93(4):240-44.
  7. El-Hassan H, McKeown K, Muller AF. Clinical Trial: Music Reduces Anxiety Levels in Patients Attending for Endoscopy. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2009; 30(7):718-24. (Persian)
  8. Gharib A, Kermanshahi SMK, Hajizadeh E. The Effect of Orientation Technique on Vital Sign And Anxiety Level of Patients Undergoing Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). Evidence Based Care Journal. 2012; 2(3):51-60. (Persian)
  9. Nikbakht Nasrabadi AR, Bakhshayeshi O, Parsayekta Z, Hoseyni M, Taghavi T, Rezvani H. The Effectiveness of Implementing Nursing Consultation on the Anxiety of Patients Undergoing GI Endoscopy. IJN. 2012; 25 (79):54-62. (Persian)
  10. Hoya Y, Matsumura I, Katsohiko Y. Analysis of Patient Anxiety to Upper Gasrointestinal Endoscopy. Jikeikai Med J. 2006; 53(1):1-5.
  11. Wolfsen HC, Hemminger LL, Achem SR, Loeb DS, Stark ME, Bouras EP, DeVault KR. Complications of Endoscopy of The Upper Gastrointestinal Tract: A Single-center Experience. Mayo Clin Proc. 2004; 79(10):1264-7.
  12. Trevisani L, Cifalà V, Sartori S, Gilli G, Matarese G, Abbasciano V. Unsedated Ultrathin Upper Endoscopy Is Better Than Conventional Endoscopy in Routine Outpatient Gastroenterology Practice: A Randomized Trial. World Journal of gastroenterology. 2007; 13(6): 906-9.
  13. Felley C, Perneger TV, Goulet I, Rouillard C, Azar-Pey N, Dorta G, et al. Combined Written And Oral Information Prior to Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Compared With Oral Information Alone: A Randomized Trial. BMC Gastroenterol. 2008; 3(8):22-6.
  14. Ashwill JW, James SR, Droske SC. Nursing Care of Child Principles & Practice. 2th ed. Saunders. 2002.
  15. Ildar Abadi E, Sleh M A, Mazluom S R. The Effect of Holy Quran Recitation on the Patient's Vital Signs Before Open Heart Surgery.  MEDSAB. 2003; 1 (27):52- 8. (Persian).
  16. Babashahi M, kahangi LS, Babashahi F, Fayazi S. Comparing the Effect of Massage Aromatherapy and Massage on Anxiety Level Of the Patients in the Preoperative Period: A clinical trial. Evidence Based Care Journal. 2012;2(2):19-28. (Persian ).
  17. Goli H, valizadeh S, Jafarabadi MA, Ghaderi F, Shabestari MS. The Effect of Combined Massage Therapy for Children with Asthma on Maternal Anxiety: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Evidence Based Care Journal. 2013;4(2):29-36. (Persian ).
  18. Ashwill JW, James SR, Droske SC. Nursing Care of Child Principles & Practice.  2th ed. USA:Saunders; 2002.
  19. Callagan P, Chan C. The Effect of Videotaped or Written Information on Chinese Gasteroscopy Patients Clinical Outcomes. Patient Education and Counseling. 2000; 42: 225-30.
  20. Moradalizadeh F. The Effect of Two Non-Pharmacological Methods (Music And Relaxation) on The Pain of Cancer Patients. Unpublished MSc. Thesis, Tehran University of Medical Science, Iran, 2005. (Persian).
  21. Raffiean Z, Azar Barzin M, Safaarifard S. The Effect of Music Therapy on Anxiety Pain, Nausea And Vital Signs of Caesarean Section Clients in DR Shariatee Hospital of Esfahan in Medical Sciences. J of Islamic Azad University.2009; 19(55):33-8. (Persian).
  22. Babaei M, MousavSH i, Tosi G Malek, M, Eskandarian R J , Moghimi O et al. Predictive Factors of Arterial Blood Oxygen Desaturation During Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy in Nonsedated Patients. Journal of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services. 2008; 16(3):37-42. (Persian)
  23. Schmitt CM. Preparation for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy:Opportunity or Inconvenience. Gastrointestinal Endoscopy.2008; 48(4):430-2.
  24. Mitty DR, Wild MD. The Pre and Post Procedure Assessment of Patients Undergoing Sedation for Gastrointestinal endoscopy. Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Clinics of North America. 2008; 18(4):627-40.
  25. Khadem N, Afzal M, Kabusi M, Hassanzadeh M. Comparison of the Effect of Quran And Music on IVF. J of fundamentals of psychiatric health. 2008; 10(3):215-9. (Persian)
  26. Nature Sights & Sounds Can Help Reduce Patient Stress Professional Safety. Des Plaines: Aug. 2003; 48(8): 46.
  27. Nature sights and Sounds Enhance Pain Management Association of Operating Room Nurse. AORN Journal.2003; 78(2):302
  28. Diette GB, Lechtzin N, Haponik E, Devrotes A, Rubin HR. Distraction Therapy With Nature Sights and Sounds Reduces Pain during Flexible Bronchoscopy: A Complementary Approach to Routine Analgesia. Chest. 2003; 123(3): 941-8.
  29. Hayes A, Buffum M, Lanier E, Rodahl E, Sasso C. A Music Intervention to Reduce Anxiety Prior to Gastrointestinal Procedures .Gastroenterol Nurs. 2003; 26(4):145-9.
  30. Mahram B. Standardize of Speilberger test in Mashhad City. Unpublished MSc Thesis, Alameh Tabatabaie University, 1994. (Persian)
  31. Baure B, Hill S. Mental Health Nursing. Philadelphia: Saunders Co; 2000.
  32. Kotwal M, Rinchhen C. Stress Reduction Through Listening to Western Instrumental Music During Gastrocopy. The American J of Gastroenterology. 2002; 97(9):293-4.
  33. Bechtold M, Puli S, Othman M, Bartalos C. Effect of Music on Patients Undergoing Colonoscopy: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Gastrointestina Endoscopy. 2007; 65(5):366-73.
  34. Roohi Gh, Rahmani H, Abdollahi AA, Mahmoodi GhR. The Effect of Music on Anxiety Level of Patients and Some of Physiological Responses before Abdominal Surgery. Journal of Gorgan University of Medical Sciences. 2005; 15(7):75-8. (Persian)
  35. Yousefinezhad A, Madadi A, Majedzadeh R, Shabannia R, Sadeghian N, Zarinara R. The Effect of Music Therapy on Chronic Pain in Patient with Cancer. The Journal of Qazvin University of medical Sciences. 2005; 8(34):39-42. (Persian)
  36. Vahabi S. The Effect of Music Therapy a Relaxation on Hospitalized CCU Patients’ Anxiety. Iranian J of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology. 2003; 8(31):75-82. (Persian)
  37. Saadatmand V, Rejeh N, Heravi-Karimooi M, Tadrisi SD, Zayeri F, Vaismoradi M, Jasper M. Effect of Nature-Based Sounds’ Intervention on Agitation, Anxiety and Stress in Patients under Mechanical Ventilator Support: A Randomised Controlled Trial. International Journal of Nursing Studies 2013; 50(7):895-904.
  38. Aghaie B, Rejeh N, Heravi-Karimooi M, Ebadi A, Moradian ST, Vaismoradi M, Jasper M. Effect of Nature-Based Sound Therapy on Agitation and Anxiety in Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Patients during the Weaning of Mechanical Ventilation: A Randomised Clinical Trial. Int J Nurs Stud. Int J Nurs Stud. 2014; 51(4):526-38.
  39. Zimmerman L, Niemen J, Branson S, Schmaderer M. The Effects of Music Interventions on Postoperative Pain and Sleep in Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) Patients. Sch Inq Nurs Pract. 1996; 10(2):153-170.
  40. Tazakori Z, Amani F, Karimelahi M. Effects of Music on Blood Pressure of Patients in Endoscopy Unit. IJNMR. 2005; 10(2) 61-6. (Persian)
  41. Emami Zeydi A, Jafari H, Khani S, Ravanbash A, Gholipour A. The Effect of Music on the Vital Signs And SPO2 of Patients After Open Heart Surgery: A Randomized Clinical Trial. J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci. 2011; 21(82); 73-82. (Persian)
  42. UÇan Özlem , Nimet OVAYOLU, M. Cemil SAVAŞ. The Effect of the Music that Patients Listen during the Endoscopy of the Upper Gastrointestinal System, Some Values of the Patient’s, Patient’s Satisfaction and Success of the Procedure. Atatürk Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Yüksekokulu Dergisi . 2007; 10: 3.