Evidence Based Care

Evidence Based Care

Effect of Eight Weeks of High-Intensity Interval Training and Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training on HRR at 1, 2 and 3 minutes and Lipid Profile in Cardiac Patients Post-Coronary Artery Bypass Graft

Document Type : Original Quantitative and Qualitative Research Paper

Authors
Abbas Ali Gaeini 1
Sadegh satarifard 2
Mohammad Reza Kordi 3
Ali Heidary 4
1 Professor of Exercise Physiology, School of Physical Education, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
2 PhD Student of Exercise Physiology, School of Physical Education, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
3 Associated Professor of Exercise Physiology, School of Physical Education, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
4 MSc of Exercise Physiology, School of Physical Education, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
10.22038/ebcj.2014.2271
Abstract
Background: High-intensity interval training is a new training method that has been less explored in patients.
Aim: The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of eight weeks of interval training with continuous training on changes in HRR and lipid profile in cardiac patients post-coronary artery bypass graft.
Methods: In this clinical study, 30 cardiac patients of Tehran Heart Centerthat hadundergone CABG surgery were randomly divided into two groups, interval and continuous training. The protocols included 4rep × 4 min at 90-95% for interval group, and 60-80 minutes at 70-85% peak HR for continuous group. HRmax, HRR at 1, 2 and 3 min following Bruce test was assessed before and after the training program. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS software version 16 and ANOVA test (p<0.05).
Results: HRR at 1 & 2 minute was reduced more in both interval and continuous groups than that of before the training program (p<0.05). The HHR reduction at 1&2 minutes was more significant in the interval group than the continuous group after exercise stress test (p<0.05). The changes in HRR at 3 min in both groups were not significant compared to that of before the training program (p=0.1).
Conclusion: Both high-intensity interval training and moderate-intensity continuous training improve HRR and lipid profile in cardiac patients after coronary artery bypass. Interval training is more effective on HHR reduction than continuous training.
 
Keywords
Interval training
HHR
lipid profile
Cardiac patients Post- CABG
Subjects
  1. World Health Organisation. The World Health Report: Cardiovascular Disease. Report of the Director-General. WHO 2008; Geneva
  2. Airaksinen KE, Ikaheimo MJ, Takkunen JT. Heart Rate after Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting. Am J Cordiol 1987; 60: 1395–7.
  3. Lahiri MK, Kannankeril PJ, Goldberger JJ. Assessment of Autonomic Function in Cardiovascular Disease: Physiological Basis and Prognostic Implications. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2008 May 6; 51(18):1725-33.
  4. Cole CR, Blackstone EH, Pashkow FJ, Snader CE, Lauer MS. Heart-Rate Recovery Immediately after Exercise as a Predictor of Mortality. N Engl J Med. 1999; 341(18): 1351-7.
  5. Imai K, Sato H, Hori M, Kusuoka H, Ozaki H, Yokoyama H, Takeda H, Inoue M, Kamada T. Vagally Mediated Heart Rate Recovery after Exercise is Accelerated in Athletes but Blunted in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 1994; 24: 1529 –35.
  6. Trevizani GA, Benchimol-Barbosa PR, Nadal J. Effects of Age and Aerobic Fitness on Heart Rate Recovery in Adult Men. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2012; 99(3): 802-10.
  7. Myers J, Hadley D, Oswald U, Bruner K, Kottman W, Hsu L, et al. Effects of Exercise Training on Heart Rate Recovery in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure. Am Heart J. 2007; 153(6): 1056-63.
  8. Carnethon MR, Jacobs DR Jr, Sidney S, Sternfeld B, Gidding SS, Shoushtari C, et al. A Longitudinal Study of Physical Activity and Heart Rate Recovery: CARDIA, 1987-93. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2005; 37(4): 606-12.
  9. Niemela MJ, Airaksinen KEJ, Tahvanainen KUO, Linnaluoto MK, Takkunen T. Effect of Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting on Cardiac Parasympathetic Nervous Function. Eur Heart J. 1992; 13: 932–5.
  10. Ghroubi S, Elleuch W, Abid L, Abdenadher M, Kammoun S, Elleuch MH. Effects of a Low Intensity Dynamic-Resistance Training Protocol Using an Isokinetic Dynamometer on Muscular Strength and Aerobic Capacity after Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting. Ann Phys Rehabil Med 2013; 56(2): 85-101
  11. Stewart KJ, Badenhop D, Brubaker PH, Keteyian SJ, King M. Cardiac Rehabilitation Following Percutaneous Revascularization, Teart Transplant, Heart Valve Surgery, and for Chronic Heart Failure. Chest 2003; 123(6): 2104-11.
  12. Currie KD, Rosen LM, Millar PJ, McKelvie RS, Macdonald MJ. Heart Rate Recovery and Heart Rate Variability are Unchanged in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease Following 12 Weeks of High-Intensity Interval and Moderate-Intensity Endurance Exercise Training. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2013; 38(6): 644-50.
  13. Voulgari C, Pagoni S, Vinik A, Poirier P. Exercise Improves Cardiac Autonomic Function in Obesity and Diabetes. Metabolism. 2013; 62(5): 609-21.
  14. Streuber SD, Amsterdam EA, Stebbins CL. Heart Rate Recovery in Heart Failure Patients after a 12-Week Cardiac Rehabilitation Program. Am J Cardiol. 2006 (1); 97(5): 694-8.
  15. Warburton DE, McKenzie DC, Haykowsky MJ, Taylor A, Shoemaker P, Ignaszewski AP & Chan SY. Effectiveness of High-Intensity Interval Training for the Rehabilitation of Patients with Coronary Artery Disease. Am J Cardiol 2005; 95: 1080-4.
  16. Wisloff U, Stoylen A, Loennechen JP, Bruvold M, Rognmo O, Haram PM, et al. Superior Cardiovascular effect of Aerobic Interval Training Versus Moderate Continuous Training in Heart Failure Patients: A Randomized Study. Circulation 2007; 115: 3086-94.
  17. Moholdt TT, Amundsen BH, Rustad LA, Wahba A, Løvø KT, Gullikstad LR, et al. Aerobic Interval Training Versus Continuous Moderate Exercise after Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery: a Randomized Study of Cardiovascular Effects and Quality of Life. Am Heart J 2009; 158(6):1031-7.
  18. Sato S, Takahashi M, Makita S. Changes in Heart Rate Recovery (T30) on Cardiac Rehabilitation in Patients after Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery. Jpn J Phys Fitness Sports Med 2002; 51: 275-82.
  19. Gayda M, Bourassa MG, Tardif JC, Fortier A, Juneau M, Nigam A. Heart Rate Recovery after Exercise and Long-Term Prognosis in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease. Can J Cardiol. 2012; 28(2): 201-7.
  20. Sato S, Makita S, Majima M. Additional Physical Activity during Cardiac Rehabilitation Leads to an Improved Heart Rate Recovery in Male Patients after Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting. Circ J. 2005; 69(1): 69-71.
  21. Billman GE, Kukielka M. Effect of Endurance Exercise Training on Heart Rate Onset and Heart Rate Recovery Responses to Submaximal Exercise in Animals Susceptible to Ventricular Fibrillation. J Appl Physiol 2007; 102: 231-40.
  22. Hautala AJ, Kiviniemi AM, Tulppo MP. Individual Responsesto Aerobic Exercise: the Role of the Autonomic Nervous System. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2009; 33: 107–15.
  23. Nishime EO, Cole CR, Blackstone EH, Pashkow FJ, Lauer MS. Heart Rate Recovery and Treadmill Exercise Score as Predictors of Mortality in Patients Referred for Exercise ECG. JAMA 2000; 284: 1392-8.
  24. Bilsel T, Terzi S, Akbulut T, Sayar N, Hobikoglu G, Yesilcimen K. Abnormal Heart Rate Recovery Immediately after Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing in Heart Failure Patients. Int Heart J. 2006; 47(3): 431-40.
  25. Cole C, Foody J, Blackstone E, Lauer M. Heart Rate Recovery after Submaximal Exercise Testing as a Predictor of Mortality in a Cardiovascularly Healthy Cohort. Ann Intern Med 2000; 132: 552–5.
  26. Iellamo F, Legramante JM, Massaro M, Raimondi G, Galante A. Effects of a Residential Exercise Training on Baroreflex Sensitivity and Heart Rate Variability in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease: A Randomized, Controlled Study. Circulation 2000; 102: 2588-92.
  27. Toska K, Eriksen M. Peripheral Vasoconstriction Shortly after Onset of Moderate Exercise in Human. J Appl Physiol 1994; 77: 1519-25.
  28. Walgenbach SC, Donald DE. Inhibition by Corotid Baroreflex of Exercise-Induced Increases in Arterial Pressure. Circ Res 1983; 52(3): 253-62.
  29. Nagashima J, Musha H, Takada H, Takagi K, Mita T, Mochida T et al. Three-Month Exercise and Weight Loss ProgramI Heart Rate Recovery in Obese Persons along with Cardiopulmonary Function. J Cardiol. 2010; 56(1): 79-84.
  30. Fu TC, Wang CH, Lin PS, Hsu CC, Cherng WJ, Huang SC, Liu MH, et al. Aerobic Interval Training Improves Oxygen Uptake Efficiency by Enhancing Cerebral and Muscular Hemodynamics in Patients with Heart Failure. Int J Cardiol  2013; 167(1): 41-50
  31. Iellamo F, Manzi V, Caminiti G, Vitale C, Castagna C, Massaro M, Franchini A, Rosano G, Volterrani M. Matched Dose Interval and Continuous Exercise Training Induce Similar Cardiorespiratory and Metabolic Adaptations in Patients with Heart Failure. Int J Cardiol 2013; 167(6): 2561-5.
  32. Weise SD, Grandjean PW, Rohack JJ, Womack JW, Crouse SF. Acute Changes in Blood Lipids and Enzymes in Postmenopausal Women after Exercise. J Appl Physiol. 2005; 99(2): 609-15.
  33. Lenk K, Schur R, Linke A, Erbs S, Matsumoto Y, Adams V, Schuler G. Impact of Exercise Training on Myostatin Expression in the Myocardium and Skeletal Muscle in a Chronic Heart Failure Model. Eur J Heart Fail. 2009; 11(4): 342-8.