<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
			<journal>
			<title>Evidence Based Care</title>
			<title_fa>فصلنامه مراقبت مبتنی بر شواهد</title_fa>
			<short_title>EBC</short_title>
			<subject>Medical Sciences</subject>
			<web_url>https://ebcj.mums.ac.ir/</web_url>
			<journal_hbi_system_id>0</journal_hbi_system_id>
			<journal_hbi_system_user></journal_hbi_system_user>
			<journal_id_issn>2008-2487</journal_id_issn>
			<journal_id_issn_online>2008-370X</journal_id_issn_online>
			<journal_id_pii></journal_id_pii>
			<journal_id_doi></journal_id_doi>
			<journal_id_iranmedex></journal_id_iranmedex>
			<journal_id_magiran></journal_id_magiran>
			<journal_id_sid></journal_id_sid>
			<journal_id_nlai></journal_id_nlai>
			<journal_id_science></journal_id_science>
			<language>en</language>
			<pubdate>
				<type>jalali</type>
				<year>0</year>
				<month>0</month>
				<day>1</day>
			</pubdate>
			<pubdate>
				<type>gregorian</type>
				<year>2026</year>
				<month>4</month>
				<day>1</day>
			</pubdate>
			<volume>16</volume>
			<number>1</number>
			<publish_type>online</publish_type>
			<publish_edition>1</publish_edition>
			<article_type>fulltext</article_type>
			<articleset><article>
				<language>en</language>
				<article_id_issn></article_id_issn>
				<article_id_issn_online></article_id_issn_online>
				<article_id_pubmed></article_id_pubmed>
				<article_id_pii></article_id_pii>
				<article_id_doi></article_id_doi>
				<article_id_iranmedex></article_id_iranmedex>
				<article_id_magiran></article_id_magiran>
				<article_id_sid></article_id_sid>
				<title_fa></title_fa>
				<title>The Effect of a Laughter-Based Intervention on Airway Patency in Children with Tracheostomy: A Quasi Experimental Study</title>
				<subject_fa></subject_fa>
				<subject></subject>
				<content_type_fa>مقاله پژوهشی اصیل کمی و کیفی</content_type_fa>
				<content_type>Original Quantitative and Qualitative Research Paper</content_type>
				<abstract_fa><![CDATA[]]></abstract_fa>
				<abstract><![CDATA[Background: Children with tracheostomies rely on airway patency and respiratory function, but obstruction and discomfort can reduce quality of life for both the child and family. Non-pharmacological options, like laughter, may offer benefits.Aim: This study aims to investigate the impact of laughter on airway patency in hospitalized children with tracheostomies, emphasizing the potential non-invasive therapeutic benefits in enhancing respiratory outcomes.Method: This quasi-experimental study enrolled eighty children aged 6–12 with tracheostomies in Tehran (March 2021–July 2022). Participants were convenience-sampled and randomly assigned to intervention or control groups. The intervention: two 15-minute laughter sessions over two consecutive days. The laughter-based intervention consisted of watching a comedic animation (&quot;The Adventures of Oscar&quot;) and engaging in puppet play. Airway patency was monitored via SpO₂, respiratory rate, and suctioning frequency thrice daily for two days post-intervention. Data were collected with a demographic–clinical questionnaire and validated monitoring devices. Analyses used t-tests, Mann–Whitney, Chi-square, Friedman&#039;s test, and GEEs (p&lt;0.05) in SPSS v20.Results: About 88.8% of participants breathed spontaneously. No significant baseline differences between groups. SpO₂ rose significantly at the 5th and 6th measurements (p=0.026, p=0.016). The intervention group had a lower respiratory rate across all six time points (p&lt;0.05). Suctioning frequency declined significantly in the intervention group only at the 6th measurement (p=0.011). GEE showed a significant time-by-group reduction in respiratory rate for the intervention group (p=0.003); no between-group differences were found for SpO₂ (p=0.218) or suctioning frequency (p=0.504).Implications for Practice: Laughter-based interventions are feasible non-pharmacological strategies to improve respiratory function in pediatric tracheostomy care and can be integrated into routine care.]]></abstract>
				<keyword_fa></keyword_fa>
				<keyword>Airway Patency, Children, Laughter, Tracheostomy</keyword>
				<start_page>38</start_page>
				<end_page>49</end_page>
				<web_url>https://ebcj.mums.ac.ir/article_27568.html</web_url>
			<author_list><author>
				<first_name>Sara</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Valadkhani</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>s.valadkhani@outlook.com</email>
				<code>121080</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Department of Pediatric Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Manijeh</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Nourian</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>nourianma@gmail.com</email>
				<code>121081</code>
				<coreauthor>Yes</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Associate Professor, Department of Pediatric Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Azam</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Shirinabadi Farahani</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>farahani1381@yahoo.com</email>
				<code>121082</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Associate Professor, Department of Pediatric Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Maliheh</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Nasiri</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>malihenasiri@gmail.com</email>
				<code>121083</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Assistant Professor, Department of Biostatics, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Mohadese</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Babaie</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>hadisbabaie88@yahoo.com</email>
				<code>121084</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>PhD in Nursing, Assistant Professor, Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author></author_list>
				</article>
			</articleset>
			</journal>