Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
Evidence Based Care
2008-2487
2008-370X
7
2
2017
07
01
Effect of a Structured Sensory Stimulation Program on the Sensory Function of Patients with Stroke-induced Disorder of Consciousness
7
16
EN
Khadijeh
Sargolzaei
MSc Student of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
sargolzaeikh2@mums.ac.ir
Maryam
Shaghaee Fallah
MSc in Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
m_shaghaee@yahoo.com
Nahid
Aghebati
0000-0003-1600-4412
Assistant Professor of Nursing, Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
aghebatin@mums.ac.ir
Habibollah
Esmaily
0000-0003-4139-564X
Associate Professor, Department of Biostatistics and Member of Health Sciences Research Center, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
esmailyh@mums.ac.ir
MohammadTaghi
Farzadfard
Assistant Professor, Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
farzadfardmt@mums.ac.ir
10.22038/ebcj.2017.23807.1505
<strong>Background:</strong> About 50% of stroke patients suffer from the disorder of consciousness with such adverse effects as sensory deprivation. The provision of a care program consisting of simple and safe stimulations can prevent sensory deprivation and improve the patient’s sensory function.<br /> <strong>Aim: </strong>This study aimed to determine the effect of structured sensory stimulation program on the sensory function of the patients with stroke-induced disorder of consciousness.<br /> <strong>Method: </strong>This randomized clinical trial was conducted on 80 patients with stroke-induced disorder of consciousness admitted to the Intensive Care Unit and Emergency Department of Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad, Iran, in 2016. The participants were randomly assigned into two groups of control and intervention. The patients in the intervention group were subjected to a sensory stimulation program consisting of auditory, visual, olfactory, gustatory, tactile, and motor stimulations for 14 consecutive days. The sensory function was measured every day before and after the intervention using the Sensory Modality Assessment and Rehabilitation Technique (SMART) instrument. On the other hand, the control group received the routine care. The data were analyzed in the SPSS version 11.5 using the Mann-Whitney test, Chi-square test, and independent t-test.<br /> <strong>Results:</strong> According to the results, the patients in the intervention and control groups had the mean ages of 66.2±8.9 and 63.8±10.8, respectively. The pre-intervention SMART scores of the two groups were homogenous (P=0.23). However, the independent t-test showed that the final SMART score was significantly higher (P<0.001) in the intervention group (25.1±6.6) than that in the control group (15.5±3.9).<br /> <strong>Implications for Practice:</strong> As the findings of the study indicated, sensory stimulation with simple and accessible stimuli in the course of therapeutic programs could improve the sensory function of the stroke patients with the disorder of consciousness and prevent sensory deprivation
Keywords: consciousness,sensation,sensory stimulation,Stroke
https://ebcj.mums.ac.ir/article_9086.html
https://ebcj.mums.ac.ir/article_9086_d05841f7a6adcf5f36eeb5e6e8db6e51.pdf
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
Evidence Based Care
2008-2487
2008-370X
7
2
2017
07
01
Effect of Sexual Counseling on Stress, Anxiety, and Depression in Women during Postpartum Period
17
26
EN
maryam
zamani
MSc Student of Counseling in Midwifery, Student Research Committee, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
zamanim931@mums.ac.ir
Robab
Latifnejad Roudsari
Associate Professor in Reproductive Health, Research Center for Patient Safety, Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
fathint901@mums.ac.ir
Maryam
Moradi
0000-0002-9084-8907
Assistant Professor, Evidence-Based Care Research Center, Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
moradim@mums.ac.ir
Habibollah
Esmaily
Professor, Research Center for Management and Social Determinants of Health, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
10.22038/ebcj.2017.24244.1525
<strong>Background:</strong> Sexual dysfunction can lead to anxiety and depression. Failure to have sexual counseling during postpartum period is one of the issues that could affect sexual dysfunction within this period.
<strong>Aim:</strong> This study aimed to investigate the effect of sexual counseling on stress, anxiety, and depression in women during postpartum period.
<strong>Method: </strong>This single-blind randomized clinical trial was conducted on 75 postpartum women within the age range of 18-35 years, referring to four health centers of Mashhad, Iran, in 2016. The data were collected using the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21. The intervention included four 60 to 90-minute sessions of sexual counseling, performed within eight weeks. The control group received the routine care. The questionnaires were completed eight weeks after the end of the intervention. The data were analyzed by SPSS version 16 using the independent t-test and Mann-Whitney U test.
<strong>Results:</strong> The mean ages of the participants were 29.5±4.3 and 29.4±4.2 years in the intervention and control groups, respectively. The results of the Independent t-test, showed the mean stress score was significantly lower in intervention group (P = 0.04) and Mann-Whitney test, showed a significant decrease in the mean anxiety (P=0.01) and depression (P=0.003) scores, in intervention group compared to the control group 8 weeks after the intervention.
<strong>Implications for Practice:</strong> Sexual counseling can be helpful to decrease stress, anxiety, and depression in the women suffering from sexual problems during postpartum period.
Anxiety,Depression,Postpartum,Sexual counseling,stress
https://ebcj.mums.ac.ir/article_9125.html
https://ebcj.mums.ac.ir/article_9125_544bcdd3e1f87d3b796ae17f6be8d8c8.pdf
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
Evidence Based Care
2008-2487
2008-370X
7
2
2017
07
01
Investigating the Effect of Humor Therapy on Chronic Pain in the Elderly Living in Nursing Homes in Mashhad, Iran
27
36
EN
Shohre
behrouz
0000-0002-7052-4008
MSc Student in Geriatric Nursing, Student Research Committee, Faculty of Nursing & Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
shohrebehrooz@yahoo.com
Seyed Reza
Mazlom
0000-0001-6722-8411
Instructor of Nursing, Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
mazlomr@mums.ac.ir
Hadi
Kooshiar
Assistant Professor of Gerontology ,Department of Medical- Surgical, Faculty of Nursing & Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
kooshyarh@mums.ac.ir
Nahid
Aghebati
0000-0003-1600-4412
Assistant Professor of Nursing, Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
aghebatin@mums.ac.ir
Negar
Asgharipour
0000-0001-9884-142X
Assistant Professor of Clinical Psychology, Research Center of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
asgharipourn@mums.ac.ir
Hamidreza
Behnam
0000-0002-9076-2900
Instructor of Nursing, Department of Pediatric Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
behnamhr@mums.ac.ir
10.22038/ebcj.2017.24247.1529
<strong>Background:</strong> The prevalence of chronic pains in the elderly residing in nursing homes is high, which can bring about social isolation, depression, incidence of disabilities, as well as increased costs. Given the risks, medication therapy is not used for the elderly, and non-pharmaceutical methods, such as humor therapy as one of the complementary medicine techniques using thought distraction, have been advocated.<br /> <strong>Aim: </strong>This study aimed to determine the effect of humor therapy on pain intensity in the elderly living in nursing homes in Mashhad, Iran.<br /> <strong>Method: </strong>This two-group, randomized, controlled clinical trial was conducted on two groups of intervention (28 individuals) and control (27 individuals) at two similar nursing homes in Mashhad, Iran, 2016. Humor therapy was performed during six 60-minute sessions (once per week) using humorous methods such as video clip displays, games, music plays, as well as telling funny jokes. Then, pain intensity was measured via the Modified German Version of the Brief Pain Inventory before the study and after the 3<sup>rd</sup> and 6<sup>th</sup> sessions of humor therapy. Finally, the data was analyzed using Mann-Whitney U test in SPSS, version 22.<br /> <strong>Results:</strong> The mean ages of the participants in the control and intervention groups were 73.9±4.3 and 73.9±5.8 years, respectively. The results of the Mann-Whitney U test also showed that pain intensity before the study in both groups was homogenous (P=0.15). Moreover, the mean scores of the highest, lowest, and moderate pain intensity after the 3<sup>rd</sup> (P<0.001) and 6<sup>th</sup> sessions (P<0.001) of humor therapy were significantly lower in the intervention group than those in the control group.<br /> <strong>Implications for Practice:</strong> In this study, humor therapy was recognized as an effective nursing intervention influencing geriatric pain intensity that could be employed to reduce pain in this age group.
Chronic pain,Humor therapy,pain intensity,The elderly
https://ebcj.mums.ac.ir/article_9145.html
https://ebcj.mums.ac.ir/article_9145_67accd0b4ac85fbdbcf3d35ef2860072.pdf
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
Evidence Based Care
2008-2487
2008-370X
7
2
2017
07
01
The Effect of Implementation of a Pain Monitoring Protocol on the Pain Intensity in the Intensive Care Unit Semiconscious Patients
37
45
EN
Majid
Akhond
MSc Student in Critical Care Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
Razieh
Froutan
0000000181670732
Assistant Professor, Dept. of Medical Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
froutanr@mums.ac.ir
Javad
Malekzadeh
Instructor of Nursing, Department of Medical Emergency, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
Seyed Reza
Mazlom
Instructor, Dept. of Medical Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Member of Evidence Based Care Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
10.22038/ebcj.2017.23797.1504
<strong>Background:</strong> Neglecting the pain assessment in intensive care unit (ICU) patients with decreased level of consciousness (LOC) can lead to inappropriate pain management. Implementation of a pain management protocol may contribute to avoiding such negligence.<br /> <strong>Aim: </strong>This study aimed to determine the effect of using a pain monitoring protocol on the pain intensity of ICU patients with decreased LOC.<br /> <strong>Method: </strong>This clinical trial was conducted on 60 nurses and 120 patients in the surgical ICUs of Imam Reza and Ghaem hospitals, Mashhad, Iran, 2016. The nurses in the intervention group were trained about pain management protocol in three 20-minute sessions (each session for 10 nurses). Before and after two weeks of training, the patients' pain intensity was monitored using the Nonverbal Pain Scale (NVPS) for three months during the resting-state, suctioning, and dressing change. The patients in the control group received routine nursery care. Data analysis was performed using independent and paired t-tests in the SPSS software version 22.<br /> <strong>Results:</strong> The nurses in the intervention and control groups had a mean age of 38.1±6.4 and 41.2±7.1 years, respectively. The results of independent t-test demonstrated no difference between overall pain intensity (P=0.08), pain intensity during resting-state (P=0.11), suctioning (P=0.23), and dressing change (P=0.06) scores among two groups before the intervention, however after the intervention, there was a significant reduction in the intervention group in comparison to the control group in all mentioned aspects (P<0.001)<br /> <strong>Implications for Practice:</strong> It was found that a satisfactory prediction of pain intensity during resting-state and painful procedures is obtained by using a pain management protocol, which enables the nurses to address the underlying causes of the pain and provide the necessary cares.
Decreased consciousness,ICU,pain intensity,Pain management
https://ebcj.mums.ac.ir/article_9138.html
https://ebcj.mums.ac.ir/article_9138_c0fc787bfdafc9dd1c5d821aca5bff95.pdf
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
Evidence Based Care
2008-2487
2008-370X
7
2
2017
07
01
The Elixir of Visiting: A Qualitative Study on the Experiences of Conscious Mechanically Ventilated Patients in Intensive Care Units Regarding Visiting Family Members
46
58
EN
Fatemeh
Hajiabadi
Instructor of Nursing, PhD Candidate, Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
Abbas
Heydari
0000000210827488
Professor, Evidence- Based Care Research Center, Department of Medical- Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
heidarya@mums.ac.ir
Zahra Sadat
Manzari
0000-0001-8270-7357
Assistant Professor, Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
manzariz@mums.ac.ir
10.22038/ebcj.2017.25177.1560
<strong>Background:</strong> Visiting family members is one of the basic human needs; however, there is contradictory evidence about the advantages and disadvantages of the existing visiting systems. Therefore, the investigation of patients’ preferences for the visiting strategies, and achievement of their authentic experiences can significantly contribute to decision-making about the type of acceptable and approved policies in this domain.<br /> <strong>Aim: </strong>The aim of this study was to explain the experiences of conscious patients undergoing mechanical ventilation in Intensive Care Units regarding their visits with their family members.<br /> <strong>Method: </strong>This qualitative study was conducted on 15 conscious mechanically ventilated patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit in Iran in 2017. The data were collected using semi-structured interviews and observations. The sampling was performed through purposive sampling technique, which was continued until data saturation to select the individuals with rich experiences about the subject under investigation. The data were analyzed through the conventional type of qualitative content analysis.<br /> <strong>Results:</strong> Out of the initial 385 codes, 11 subthemes and 5 main themes were extracted during the analysis process, all of which were placed under the general concept of “the elixir of visiting”. The five main themes included visiting as a healing agent, visiting as an agent for the enhancement of perceived support, visiting as an agent for gaining hope, visiting as the patient’s urgent need, and preference for planed visiting.<br /> <strong>Implications for Practice:</strong> The results of the present study showed that visiting was like an elixir for the conscious patients undergoing mechanical ventilation in the Intensive Care Units. This practice could allay lots of their pains and lead to numerous valuable effects, such as elimination of loneliness and sadness, increased hope for survival and recovery, and enhancement of a sense of support. Therefore, nursing authorities and managers are required to take steps in terms of redefining visiting rules and regulations in line with patients’ preferences, and thereby move towards the promotion of patient care.
Intensive Care Unit,Conscious patients undergoing mechanical ventilation,Visiting family members
https://ebcj.mums.ac.ir/article_9148.html
https://ebcj.mums.ac.ir/article_9148_639a330472128ad8f6f41babb62a5685.pdf
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
Evidence Based Care
2008-2487
2008-370X
7
2
2017
07
01
Inhibitors and Facilitators of Unwanted Adolescent Pregnancy in Iran and the World: A Review
59
70
EN
Farzaneh
Rashidi Fakari
PhD Student of Reproductive Health, Students Research Committee, Department of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Masoumeh
Simbar
Professor, Midwifery and Reproductive Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Vida
Ghasemi
PhD Student of Reproductive Health, Students Research Committee, Department of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
ghasemivida@gmail.com
Marzieh
Saei Gharenaz
PhD Student of Reproductive Health, Students Research Committee, Department of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
10.22038/ebcj.2017.25048.1556
<strong>Background:</strong> Approximately 16 million adolescent girls aged 15 to 19 years and 1 million teenage girls less than 15 years of age become pregnant worldwide annually, and the majority of these pregnancies are unintended. Unwanted adolescent pregnancy coupled with impaired and inadequate physical and mental health can lead to slow progression of the community and the short- and long-term negative consequences.<br /> <strong>Aim: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the inhibitors and facilitators of unwanted adolescent pregnancy in Iran and across the globe.<br /> <strong>Method: </strong>The current narrative review was conducted using the keywords of "pregnancy", "unwanted", and "adolescent" in both Persian and English articles published from 2000 to 2016. The searched databases included Google Scholar, PubMed, Elsevier, Scopus, ProQuest, Irandoc, Scientific Information Database (SID), and Magiran.<br /> <strong>Results:</strong> Twenty-nine articles related to the study objectives were selected. Our investigations indicated that the inhibitors of unwanted adolescent pregnancy could be classified into four main categories of abstinence, religious beliefs, adolescent employment program, and parent-adolescent relationship. Further, the facilitators of unwanted adolescent pregnancy were categorized into eight categories of pornography on the Internet and media, peer pressure, lack of knowledge and information, drug and alcohol abuse, violence, adherence to fashion in clothing, economic and income status and family structure.<br /> <strong>Implications for Practice:</strong> The findings of this review revealed that more studies were conducted to explore the facilitators of unwanted adolescent pregnancy in comparison with inhibitors. Shortage of knowledge and information among adolescents plays a major role in unwanted adolescent pregnancy. However, a definitive judgment on the contribution of each factor to unwanted adolescent pregnancy requires further in-depth studies.
Adolescents,Inhibitors,Facilitators,Sexual relations,Unwanted pregnancy
https://ebcj.mums.ac.ir/article_9163.html
https://ebcj.mums.ac.ir/article_9163_429112d93f0638e5f702f98807f316b1.pdf
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
Evidence Based Care
2008-2487
2008-370X
7
2
2017
07
01
Herbal Medicine and Vaginal Candidiasis in Iran: A Review
71
77
EN
Sedigheh
Sheidaei
MSc Student, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
sheidaeis931@mums.ac.ir
Tahereh
Sadeghi
0000-0002-4396-2707
Assistant Professor of Pediatric Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
sadeghit@mums.ac.ir
Farzaneh
Jafarnejad
Lecturer, Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
jafarnejadf@mums.ac.ir
Omid
Rajabi
Associate professor Department of Drug control, School of pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
rajabio@mums.ac.ir
MohammadJavad
Najafzadeh
Associate professor of Medical Mycology, Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
najafzadehmj@mums.ac.ir
10.22038/ebcj.2017.23002.1501
Candidiasis is the second most common vaginal infection. Given the frequent recurrence of the disease, many women tend to use herbal remedies. Thus, the present study aimed to review the association between vaginal candidiasis and herbal medicines in Iran. In this review, we retrieved articles published from 2001 to 2016. Then, the results were expressed both quantitatively and qualitatively. In this study, nine articles were reviewed, which had investigated thyme, garlic, garlic-thyme, olive oil, propolis, myrtus, <em>Nigella sativa</em> (black cumin), and <em>Bunium perscicum boiss</em> (black zira). Subsequently, each of these plants was thoroughly dealt with. The studies on black cumin, garlic, and thyme reported positive effects for these herbs, and they were widely produced for therapeutic purposes. In addition, myrtus was found to have a salutary impact on vaginal candidiasis.
Iran,Herbal Medicine,vaginal Candidiasis
https://ebcj.mums.ac.ir/article_9151.html
https://ebcj.mums.ac.ir/article_9151_79ca97963bc00bcd4a3bdbffc58971d3.pdf
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
Evidence Based Care
2008-2487
2008-370X
7
2
2017
07
01
Comparative Study of the Relationship between Spiritual Well-being and Sense of Coherence in Mothers with Chronically Ill Children in Kerman, Iran, in 2016
78
83
EN
Nosrat
Avaznejad
MSc in Nursing, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Afzalipour Hospital, Kerman, Iran
nosratavaznejad@gmail.com
Maryam
Ravanipour
Associate Professor of Nursing, Persian Gulf Tropical Medicine Research Center, Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
ravanipour@bpums.ac.ir
Niloofar
Motamed
Associate Professor, Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
motamedn@bpums.ac.ir
Masoud
Bahreini
Associate Professor of Nursing, Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
msdbahreini@yahoo.com
10.22038/ebcj.2017.22985.1500
This study aimed to investigate the relationship between spiritual well-being and sense of coherence in the mothers having children with chronic diseases. To this end, a controlled cross-sectional evaluation was conducted on 300 mothers, divided into two groups of 150 cases with healthy and chronically ill children in the city of Kerman, Iran, in 2016. The data were collected using the Platosin and Alison's Spiritual Wellbeing Scale and Atonovesky’s Sense of Coherence Scale. The mean ages of the mothers with healthy children and those with chronically ill children were 36.1±4.6 and 37.7±6.2 years, respectively. The linear regression analysis showed that by controlling the effect of the groups (i.e., the mother with a healthy or chronically ill child), the spiritual well-being score had a significant impact on the sense of coherence (P=0.001). It was concluded that the promotion of spiritual well-being, especially existential well-being, could potentially develop the sense of coherence in the mothers with chronically ill children by helping them better control the diseases of their children.
Children,chronic disease,mothers,Sense of coherence,Spiritual well-being
https://ebcj.mums.ac.ir/article_9051.html
https://ebcj.mums.ac.ir/article_9051_d3fa2fcfeb1ca53a266ae02844407161.pdf