ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effect of self-efficacy-based training on maternal sense of competency of primiparous women in the infants care
Background: Most primiparous women don’t have enough sense of competency, most of it being due to lack of experience. Maternal self efficacy-based training, have led to improved maternal-infant outcomes. Aim: : To determine the effect of self-efficacy education on maternal sense of competency of primiparous women in the infant care. Methods: In this clinical trial, 61 primiparous women were randomly divided into two groups. In the intervention group, an educational program was applied based on Bandura's self-efficacy theory 10-15 days postpartum. The research instruments were parental expectations survey, Parenting Sense of Competence Scale, Perceived Social Support Scale, Infant Temperament, and Edinburg Depression Scale. Reliability and validity of the instruments were confirmed using the method of content validity and internal consistency. Data were analyzed using independent t-tests, Mann-Whitney U, paired t test and Wilcoxon. Results: The mean age of the mothers was 24/4±3/2 years. The two groups were homogenous in terms of personal characteristics, although a significant difference was seen in terms of perceived social support (p<0.05). Before the intervention, the mean score for maternal sense of competency was not statistically difference between the intervention (68/8±7/6) and control groups (66/7±7/9) (P=0/315).After the intervention, the difference between the mean score of maternal sense of competency in the intervention group (75/5±9/0) and control group (68/3±9/6) was statistically significant (p=0/004). Conclusion: Given the importance of self-efficacy improvement strategies in the improvement of maternal – child outcomes, application of self-efficacy resource can improve the sense of competency in motherhood.
https://ebcj.mums.ac.ir/article_3369_99e79c4006787d2db842a156d31a6961.pdf
2014-10-01
7
14
10.22038/ebcj.2014.3369
Education
self efficacy
infant caring
maternal sense of competency
Elham
Azmoude
azmoudehe901@mums.ac.ir
1
MS in Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Farzaneh
Jaafarnejad
jaafarnejadf901@mums.ac.ir
2
Instructor of Midwifery, Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Seyedreza
Mazloum
mazlomr@mums.ac.ir
3
Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Leahy-Warren P, McCarthy G, Corcoran P. First-time Mothers: Social Support, Maternal Parental Self-efficacy and Postnatal Depression. J Clin Nurs. 2012;21(3-4):388-97.
1
Kuo SC, Chen YS, Lin KC, Lee TY, Hsu CH. Evaluating The Effects of an Internet Education Programme on Newborn Care in Taiwan. J Clin Nurs. 2009;18(11):1592-601.
2
Leahy Warren P. First-time Mothers: Social Support and Confidence in Infant Care. J Adv Nurs. 2005;50(5):479-88.
3
Liu CC, Chen YC, Yeh YP, Hsieh YS. Effects of Maternal Confidence and Competence on Maternal Parenting Stress in Newborn Care. J Adv Nurs. 2012;68(4):908-18.
4
Ngai F, Chi Chan S. Stress, Maternal Role Competence,and Satisfaction Among Chinese Women in the Perinatal Period. Res Nurs Health. 2012;35:30-9.
5
Mercer RT, Ferketich SL. Experienced and Inexperienced Mothers' Maternal Competence During Infancy. Res Nurs Health. 1995;18(4):333-43.
6
Bandura A. Self-efficacy: Toward a Unifying Theory of Behavioral Change. Psychol Rev. 1977;84(2):191-215.
7
Hessa C, Tetib D, Hussey-Gardner B. Self-efficacy and Parenting of High-risk Infants:The Moderating Role of Parent Knowledge of Infant Development. J Appl Dev Psychol. 2004;25:423–37.
8
Jones TL, Prinz RJ. Potential Roles of Parental Self-efficacy in Parent and Child Adjustment: a review. Clin Psychol Rev. 2005;25(3):341-63.
9
Prasopkittikun T, Tilokskulchai F, Sinsuksai N, Sitthimongkol Y. Self-Efficacy in Infant Care Scale: Development and Psychometric Testing. Nurs Health Sci. 2006;8(1):44-50.
10
Jones TL, Prinz RJ. Potential Roles of Parental Self-efficacy in Parent and Child Adjustment: a Review. Clin Psychol Rev. 2005;25(3):341-63.
11
sharon K. The Effect of Maternal Psychological Factors On maternal Competence For Infant Feeding: Vanderbilt University; 2008
12
Lee LL, Arthur A, Avis M. Using Self-efficacy Theory to Develop Interventions That Help Older People Overcome Psychological Barriers to Physical Activity: a Discussion Paper. Int J Nurs Stud. 2008;45(11):1690-9.
13
Peyman N. Modifing and Evaluating of Steps of Behavioral Changes (SBC) Model Integrated with Self-efficacy Theory In Order to Decrease Unwanted Pregnancy. Tehran: Tarbiat Modares University; 2007.(persion)
14
Salonen AH, Kaunonen M, Astedt-Kurki P, Jarvenpaa AL, Isoaho H, Tarkka MT. Parenting Self-efficacy After Childbirth. J Adv Nurs. 2009;65(11):2324-36.
15
Leahy-Warren P, McCarthy G. Maternal Parental Self-efficacy in The Postpartum Period. Midwifery. 2011;27(6):802-10.
16
Pajares F. Self-efficacy Beliefs in Academic Settings. Rev Educ Res. 1996;66(4):543-78.
17
Bowman KG. Postpartum Learning Needs. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs. 2005;34(4):438-43.
18
Strecher VJ, DeVellis BM, Becker MH, Rosenstock IM. The Role of Self-efficacy in Achieving Health Behavior Change. Health Educ Behav. 1986;13(1):73-92..
19
Sansom L. Confident Parenting-A Book Proposal: University of Pennsylvania; 2010. Available from: http://repository.upenn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1018&context=mapp_capstone
20
Leahy-Warren P, McCarthy G, Corcoran P. First-time Mothers: Social Support, Maternal Parental Self-efficacy and Postnatal Depression. J Clin Nurs. 2012;21(3-4):388-97.
21
Bryanton J, Gagnon AJ, Hatem M, Johnston C. Predictors of Early Parenting Self-Efficacy: Results of a Prospective Cohort Study. Nurs Res. 2008;57(4):252-9.
22
Tarkka MT. Predictors of Maternal Competence by First-time Mothers When The Child is 8 Months Old. J Adv Nurs. 2003;41(3):233-40.
23
Fabian HM, Radestad IJ, Waldenstrom U. Childbirth and Parenthood Education Classes in Sweden. Women's opinion and possible outcomes. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2005;84(5):436-43.
24
Deave T, Johnson D, Ingram J. Transition to Parenthood: The Needs of Parents in Pregnancy and Early Parenthood. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2008;8:30.
25
Sercekus P, Mete S. Effects of Antenatal Education on Maternal Prenatal and Postpartum Adaptation. J Adv Nurs. 2010;66(5):999-1010.
26
Gagnon AJ. Individual or Group Antenatal Education for Childbirth/Parenthood. Cochrane Database Syst Rev; 2000.
27
Nichols MR. Adjustment to New Parenthood: Attenders versus Nonattenders at Prenatal Education Classes. Birth. 1995;22(1):21-6.
28
Arcamone A. The Effect Of Prenatal Education On Adaptation To Motherhood After Vaginal Chldbirth Primiparous Women As Assessed By Roys Four Adaptative Modes: Widener University; 2005.
29
Reece SM. The Parent Expectations Survey: a Measure of Perceived Self-efficacy. Clin Nurs Res. 1992;1(4):336-46.
30
Copeland DB, Harbaugh BL. Transition of Maternal Competency of Married and Single Mothers in Early Parenthood. J Perinat Educ. 2004;13(4):3-9.
31
Dahlem NW, Zimet GD, Walker RR. The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support: a confirmation study. J Clin Psychol. 1991;47(6):756-61.
32
Bates JE, Freeland CA, Lounsbury ML. Measurement of Infant Difficultness. Child Dev. 1979;50(3):794-803.
33
Edhborg M, Matthiesen AS, Lundh W, Widstrom AM. Some Early Indicators for Depressive Symptoms and Bonding 2 Months Postpartum-a Study of New Mothers and Fathers. Arch Womens Ment Health. 2005;8(4):221-31.
34
McQueen KA, Dennis CL, Stremler R, Norman CD. A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial of a Breastfeeding Self-efficacy Intervention with Primiparous Mothers. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs. 2011;40(1):35-46.
35
Svensson J, Barclay L, Cooke M. Randomised-controlled Trial of Two Antenatal Education Programmes. Midwifery. 2009;25(2):114-25.
36
Noel-Weiss J, Rupp A, Cragg B, Bassett V, Woodend AK. Randomized Controlled Trial to Determine Effects of Prenatal Breastfeeding Workshop on Maternal Breastfeeding Self-efficacy and Breastfeeding Duration. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs. 2006;35(5):616-24.
37
Perez-Blasco J, Viguer P, Rodrigo MF. Effects of a Mindfulness-Based Intervention on Psychological Distress, Well-being, and Maternal Self-efficacy in Breast-feeding Mothers: Results of a Pilot Study. Arch Womens Ment Health. 2013;16(3):227-36.
38
Salonen A. Parenting Satisfaction and Parenting Self-efficacy During the Postpartum Period: Evaluation of an Internet-based Intervention 2010. Available from: http://tampub.uta.fi/handle/10024/66655
39
Salonen AH, Kaunonen M, Astedt-Kurki P, Jarvenpaa AL, Isoaho H, Tarkka MT. Effectiveness of an Internet-based Intervention Enhancing Finnish Parents' parenting Satisfaction and Parenting Self-efficacy During The Postpartum Period. Midwifery. 2011;27(6):832-41.
40
Bandura A. Self-efficacy: The Exercise of Control. New York: W.H. Freeman 1997.
41
Cutrona CE, Troutman BR. Social support, Infant Temperament, and Parenting Self-Efficacy: a Mediational Model of Postpartum Depression. Child Dev. 1986;57(6):1507-18
42
Coleman PK, Karraker KH. Self-efficacy and Parenting Quality: Findings and Future Applications. Dev Rev. 1998;18(1):47-85.
43
Teti DM, Gelfand DM. Behavioral Competence Among Mothers of Infants in The First Year: The Mediational Role of Maternal Self-efficacy. Child Dev. 1991;62(5):918-29.
44
Mash EJ, Johnston C. The Prediction of Mothers' Behavior with Their Hyperactive Children During Play and Task Situations. Child Fam Behav Ther. 1983;5(2):1-14.
45
Hayes L, Matthews J, Copley A, Welsh D. A Randomized Controlled Trial of a Mother-Infant or Toddler Parenting Program: Demonstrating Effectiveness in Practice. J Pediatr Psychol. 2008;33(5):473-86.
46
Chislett G, Kennett D. The Effects of the Nobody’s Perfect Program on Parenting Resourcefulness and Competency. J Child Fam Stud. 2007;16(4):473-82.
47
Gao LL, Chan SW, Sun K. Effects of an Interpersonal-Psychotherapy-Oriented Childbirth Education Programmefor Chinese First-time Childbearing Women at 3-month Follow up: Randomised Controlled Trial. Int J Nurs Stud. 2012;49(3):274-81.
48
Ngai FW, Chan SW, Ip WY. The Effects of a Childbirth Psychoeducation Program on Learned Resourcefulness, Maternal Role Competence and Perinatal Depression: a Quasi-Experiment. Int J Nurs Stud. 2009;46(10):1298-306.
49
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The effects of presence and guidance of a teacher on the anxiety of hospitalized children
Background: Anxiety disorders are the most prevalent class of psychiatric disorders that affect both children and adolescents. There is no doubt that in order for children to feel active, the need for education during their hospitalization period and convalescence exists. Aim: To determine the effect of presence of the teacher on anxiety of hospitalized children Methods: This study was a clinical trial that was conducted on 50 children admitted to pediatric ward of Imam Reza hospital and the children were randomly assigned into experimental and control groups. In the experimental group, teachers were present at children’s bedside for daily education and practices. The data collection tool was a child’s anxiety assessment form, which was completed at the admission and discharge by interviewing the children. Data were analyzed with independent t-test, ANOVA and Pearson correlation coefficients, using SPSS software version 11.5. Results: 32 patients in the study group and 31 in control group were girls; 18 patients in the study group and 14 patients in the control group were studying in third grade. Prior to the study, anxiety scores between the two groups were not significantly different. Basis on the results of the paired T-test, the anxiety scores of the study group before the intervention (44.86 ± 3.44) and after that (41.25 ± 2.29) were significantly different. The independent t-test results showed a significant difference between the mean anxiety score in the study group (p <0.004) and control (p = 0.53) after the intervention. Conclusion: the presence of a teacher can be beneficial for decreasing the anxiety levels of hospitalized children and the problems that can occur under the influence of anxiety.
https://ebcj.mums.ac.ir/article_2395_ebe0dc2725a71be56af16a126c893e46.pdf
2014-10-01
15
22
10.22038/ebcj.2014.2395
Teacher
Hospitalization
Anxiety
Child
Tayebe
Reyhani
reyhanit@mums.ac.ir
1
MS in Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of neinat and child, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Tayebe
Pourghaznain
pourghaznein@mums.ac.ir
2
MScN., PhD Student in Nursing, Faculty member of the School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad university of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Zahra
Mousavi
3
NMS in hospital imam reza; Mashhad University of neinat and child, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Samaneh
Ghorbani
4
NMS in hospital imam reza; Mashhad University of neinat and child, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Jafarnejad F. Children Nursing In Health and Illness. Mashhad: Parsirana Publications; 2003; 14(109):13. (Persian)
1
Robinson, J., et al. Quality of Attachment as a Predictor of Maternal Visitation to Young Hospitalized Children, J Pediatr Psychol. 1996: 401-17.
2
Mortazavi H, Tabatabaeichehr M.Handbook of Children Nursing: Healthy child. Tehran: Salemi; 2002.P:11. (Persian)
3
Khanjari, S Mola F, Davachi A, Haghani. Effect of Play on Anxiety of Hospitalized Children. Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery 1380; 14(28). (Persian)
4
Sanjari M. Hospitalization Children and Parent Anxiety. Iranian Journal of Nursing. 1383; 39: 41-8. (Persian)
5
Riaz H, Mansoor I. Manifest Anxiety Scale, Second Edition (RCMAS-2) and its Reliability Assessment, Int J Edu Psychol Assess. August 2011; 8(1):1-11.
6
Memarzadeh M, Hosseinpor M, Aflakeian H. Effect of preoperative Anxiety in Children 2-6 years of game rooms in hospitals Zahra .The Journal of Surgery. 2006; 14(4). (Persian)
7
McCann ME, Kain ZN. The Management of Preoperative Anxiety in Children: An Update. AnesthAnalg. 2001; 93: 98-105.
8
9. Yanlo M.Game Effects on Children Anxiety School Age Children Hospitalized in Tehran.NursingMaster's thesis.2000:11-28. (Persian)
9
10. Hamed tavasoli H,Elhani F. Study of Orientation Effect on Anxiety in Children with Thalassemi Again before School Age, Nurs Res . 1391; 7(26):47-9. (Persian)
10
11. Alahyari A, Alhani F. Methods and Procedures for Preparing the Child Injections for Reduce Pain. Iranian Journal of Pediatrics. 1384; 1: 238. (Persian)
11
12. Mash H, Berkeley R. Psychology, Child Abuse, Child Psychopathology (translated by Tozandejani H, Tavakolizade J, Kamal Pour N), First Edition, Volume 1, published by Avaye Kelk-E-Marandiz, 2005: 198-201. (Persian)
12
13. Ratnapalan S, Rayar M S, Crawley M, Educational Services for Hospitalized Children, Paediatr Child Health. September2009; 14(7): 433–6.
13
14. Greenberg HA. The Emotional Problems and Education of Hospitalized Children. J Pediatr. 1949 Feb; 34(2):213-8.
14
15. Taghavi M R, Normal Mapping Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale for Different Grades of Students in Shiraz, Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanities Of Shiraz University,2006;22(4):177-88. (Persian)
15
16. Han H, Measuring Anxiety in children: A Methodological Review of the Literature, Asian Nurs Res, 2009; 3(2):49-61.
16
17. Rabie M, R, S Mahmood Malik Kazemi, The Effect of Music on Anxiety of Hospitalized Children, Journal of Gorgan University of Medical Sciences,2008; 9(3): 59-64. (Persian)
17
18. Yaghoubi Y., Niknami, M., Ghanbari, A., Yousefi, celebrity, Mahmoud; Impact on the Game Anxiety among School Age Children Hospitalized - Tehran hospitals. , Student thesis, Shahid Beheshti Nursing Library Blog: 82-4. (Persian)
18
19. Abbasi M, Aghamohammadian Sherbaf, HR, Effects of Interaction between Parents - Child Reduces the Symptoms of Separation Anxiety Disorder in Mashhad. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 1389; 2 (6):47-57. (Persian)
19
20. Carr A. What Works with Children, Adolescents, and Adults? New York: rout ledge, 2009:11-4.
20
21. Zolfaghari Motlagh M, Jazayeri A R,, Khoshabi K, Mazaheri M A, Karimlou M. Effectiveness of Attachment Based Therapy on Reduction of Symptoms in Separation Anxiety Disorder, Iran J Psychiatry, Vol. 14, No. 4, Winter 2009, 380-8. (Persian)
21
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effect of Empowering Caregivers of Children with Cancer Undergoing Chemotherapy on Their Adherence to Preventive Health Recommendations for Oral Ulcer
Inflammation of the oral mucosa is a common and debilitating complication of chemotherapy that is preventable and manageable following health advices. Empowering the primary caregiver can be helpful in management of this condition. Aim: To determine the effect of empowering the caregivers on preventing inflammation of oral mucosa in children with cancer undergoing chemotherapy. Methods: This non-randomized clinical trial was conducted in 60 children's caregivers aged between 3 and 18 years old undergoing chemotherapy in Sheikh Hospital of Mashhad in two groups of intervention and control. In the intervention group, training was based on clinical guide in 5 sessions and according to Gibson empowerment model in 4 steps. Data were gathered based on questionnaire of side effects of chemotherapy and adherence questionnaire of the prevention and treatment of mouth ulcers in three stages: the first, the sixth and the 12th week of intervention. For data analysis, SPSS version 18 and paired and independent t-tests, Spearman correlation coefficient and the Mann-Whitney tests were used. Results: 61.7% of the patients were men and 38.3 were women. The average ages of the children and caregivers were 5/6±3/2 and 32/1±8/1 years, respectively. The average adherence to prevention recommendations for oral ulcers in the empowerment group increased from 53/6±24/3 to 82/2±11/7 (p<0.001). The occurrence rate of mouth ulcers in the empowerment group in the first week of intervention was 1/8±1/1, in the sixth week 1/7±1/0, and in the twelfth week of treatment was 1/1±0/2 (p<0/001). Conclusion: The empowerment program can help the main caregiver to discover and use critical thinking skills, enhance their ability and increase adherence, which results in decrease of mouth ulcers in children undergoing chemotherapy.
https://ebcj.mums.ac.ir/article_3366_bda7cc790f7c023558512ae903e758f0.pdf
2014-10-01
23
32
10.22038/ebcj.2014.3366
Oral ulcer
chemotherapy
Child
Empowerment
Caregivers
Hamideh
Elahi Asgarabad
elahiah1@mums.ac.ir
1
Postgraduated in Pediatric Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Hamidreza
Behnam Vashani
behnamhr@mums.ac.ir
2
Instructor of Nursing, Department of Pediatric Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Zahra
Badiei
zbadiei@yahoo.com
3
Associate professor of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Fatemeh
Heshmati Nabavi
heshmatinf@mums.ac.ir
4
Assistant Professor of Nursing, Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Javad
Malekzadeh
malekzadehj@mums.ac.ir
5
Instructor of Nursing, Department of Medical Emergency, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Kashani FL, SHahram V, SHervin G, Mosavi M, Hashemeie M. Effectiveness of Spiritual Interventions on Quality of Life of Mothers of Children with Cancer. Feghhe pezashki. 2001; 4(11):125-49. (Persian)
1
Mosavi-Jarrahi A, Moini M, Mohagheghi MA, Alebouyeh M, Yazdizadeh B, Shahabian A, et al. Clustering of Childhood Cancer in the Inner City of Tehran Metropolitan Area: a GIS-based Analysis. International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health. 2007; 210(2):9-113. (Persian)
2
Willis J. Patient Compliance: Non Compliance with Treatment Regimes and Failure to Follow Health Advise is Widespread. Nurs Times. 2000; 96(35):36-7.
3
Kondryn H, Edmondso C, Hill J, Eden T. Treatment Non-Adherence in Teenage and Young Adult Patients with Cancer. Lancet Oncol. 2009; 12(1):100-8.
4
Billan N, GHafari S. The Role of Training and Regular Follow-up to Increase Adherence with Inhaled Corticosteroids in Children with Mild to Moderate Persistent Asthma. Medical Journal of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences. 2008; 30(4):17-20.
5
Harris D, Eilers J, Harriman A, Cashavelly B, Maxwell C. Evidence-Based Interventions for the Manangment of Oral Mucositis. Clin J oncol Nurs. 2008; 12:141-52.
6
Stakman M, Spijkeret F, Boezen H, Schouten J, Roodenburg J, Vrise E. Preventive Intervention Possibilities in Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy Induced Oral Mucositis: Results of Meta Analyses. J Dent Res 2006; 85:690-700.
7
Rahimi SH, Fadakar G, Kazemnejad E. Evaluation of Relationship between Public Health and Quality of Life of Mothers of Children with Cancer. Hayat. 2013; 19(2):93-108. (Persian)
8
Eimani Z, Rayani M, Borhani F, Dortaj S. Effect of Empowerment on Attitudes Toward the Disease in Patients with Type I Diabetes. Journal of Nursing and Midwifery, Kerman. 2010. 1-8: (10)8. 20-1. (Persian)
9
Farahani b, Safavi M, Salehi S. Effect of Patient Care, Education, Knowledge, Knowing, Understanding and Application of Caregivers of Cancer Patients Under Chemotherapy Referring to the University Hospitals of Tehran University of Medical Sciences in 1999. Medical Science Journal of Islamic Azad University. 2004; 2(14):99-103. (Persian)
10
Dalvand H, Rassafiani M, Bagheri H. Family Centered Approach: A Literature Review Scientific Journal Rehabilitation New, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Tehran University 2014; 8(1):1-9. (Persian)
11
Gibson CH. The Process of Empowerment in Mothers of Chronically Ill Children. J Adv Nurs. 1995; 21:1201-10.
12
Palapirom R, Prasopkittikun T, Vichitsukon K. Effects of an Empowerment Program on Mothers’ Self Efficacy in the Care of Children with Developmental Delays. J Nurs Sci. 2010; 28(4):68-75.
13
Vashani HB, Zohoreian Z, Badiei Z, Sarafeshirazi A. Effect of Evidence-Based Care with Ice Therapy on Oral Mucosal Inflammation Children Undergoing Chemotherapy. Journal of Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences. 2011; 18(4):250-9. (Persian)
14
Office CN. Booklet Series Offers Up-to-Date, Easy-to-Read Information on the Latest Treatments, Managing Side Effects, and Coping with Cancer: http://www.cancercare.org.pdf.
15
Society AC. Caring for the Patient with Cancer at Home: A Guide for Patients and Families: http://www.cancer.org/treatment/index.
16
Pereira-Pinto L, Souza L, Gordon-Nunez M, Soares R, Birto-Costa E, Aquino A, et al. Prevention of Oral Lesions in Children with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Int. J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2006;70(11):1847-51.
17
Bonnaure-Mallet M, Bunetel L, Tricot-Doleux S, Guerin J, Bergeron C, LeGall E. Oral Complications during Treatment of Malignant Diseases in Childhood: Effects of Tooth Brushing. Eur J Cancer Care 1998; 34(10):1588-98.
18
Djuric M, Hillier-Kolarow V, Belic A, Jankovic L. Mucositis Prevention by Improved Dental Care in Acute Leukemia Patients. Support Care Cancer 2006; 14:137-46.
19
Wansa S, Nongluk Ch, Pornsri S, Wanida S. The Effects of an Empowerment Program on the Competence of Caregivers in Caring for Preschool Children with Acute Leukemia Undergoing Chemotherapy. J Nurs Sci. 2009; 27(2):17-8.
20
Kanjana A. The Effects of Empowerment Program on Maternal Caring Behavior for Children with Leukemia Undergoing Chemotherapy: Mahidol University 2006.
21
Chung Y-C, Hwang H, editors. Education for Homecare Patients with Leukemia Following a Cycle of Chemotherapy: An Exploratory Pilot Study. Oncology nursing Forum; 2008.
22
Partovi S, Banihashem A, Farshidi F. Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Side Effects of Chemotherapy in Children with Leukemia. Iranian Journal of Pediatrics 2013; 2(14):89-124. (Persian)
23
Little J, Falace D, Miller C, Rhodus N. Dental Management of Medically Compromised Patients. New York: Elsevier, Mosby; 2008.
24
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The effect of group reminiscence on happiness of the elderly
Background: some studies have confirmed the effectiveness of reminiscence on mental health, although there are conflicting results in this area. There are no interventional, localized and confirmed studies into the effectiveness of this intervention on mental wellbeing of old people in our country. Aim: To determine the effect of reminiscence therapy on the elderly happiness. Methods: In this clinical trial, 64 elderly referred to the Jahandidegan center of Gorgan were selected and randomly divided into control and intervention groups. Happiness scores were measured before intervention, during, and one month after the end of intervention.. Reminiscence was conducted in six sessions over three weeks. Group discussions were held for the control group. Data were collected using valid and reliable happiness questionnaires (oxford) and a brief cognitive-mental examination. Fisher’s exact test, Chi-square, independent, repeated measures ANOVA with Bonferoni post-hoc and SPSS version 20 were used. Results: The mean age of the participants was 65.5±6.2, and 50.8% of them were men. Happiness pre-intervention scores were 43.9±10.6 and 45.6±8.3 in control and the intervention groups, respectively (p>0.05). Multivariate analysis with repeated measures showed that the interaction between treatment group and the time was significantly effective on the elderly happiness score (p<0.01). Bonferroni post-hoc test scores before and after the intervention (P<0.03) and scores during and after the intervention (P<0.03) showed significant differences. Conclusion: group discussion and reminiscence are effective in increasing the elderly happiness scores. However, reminiscence was a more effective intervention; therefore, it can be an inexpensive way to increase the vitality of the elderly with no side-effects.
https://ebcj.mums.ac.ir/article_3365_4dd6851637b1f10a299431494c408e2e.pdf
2014-10-01
33
46
10.22038/ebcj.2015.3365
reminiscence
Elderly
Happiness
zahra
yousefi
stu.yousefi@yahoo.com
1
Masters Student of geriatric nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
AUTHOR
khadijeh
sharifi
sharifi_kh@kaums.ac.ir
2
Instructor of Nursing, Department of Health- Management Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
zahra
tagharrobi
taghorrbi_z@kaums.ac.ir
3
Department of Biostatistics and Public Health, Faculty of Health, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
AUTHOR
hossein
akbari
akbari_h@kaums.ac.ir
4
Department of Biostatistics and Public Health, Faculty of Health, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
AUTHOR
1. Giordana JY, Roelandt JL, Porteaux C. Mental Health of Elderly People: The prevalence and Representations of Psychiatric Disorders. L'Encéphale. 2010;36(3):59-64.
1
2. Risks to Mental Health: an Overview of Vulnerabilities and Risk Factors. 2012; Available from: http://www.who.int/mental_health/mhgap/risks_to_mental_health_EN_27_08_12.pdf.
2
3. Aging and Life Course. 2008; Available from: www.who.int/ageing/en.
3
4. Mental Health and Older Adults. 2013; Available from: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs381/en/.
4
5. Chiang K, Chu H, Chang HJ, Chung MH, Chen CH, Chiou HY, et al. The Effects of Reminiscence Therapy on Psychological Well Being, Depression, and Loneliness Among the Institutionalized Aged. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2010;25(4): 380-388
5
6. Abdi Zrin S, Akbarian M. Successful Aging in the Light of Religion and Religious Beliefs. J Ageing. 2007;2(4). (Persian)
6
7. Tuntichaivanit C, Nanthamongkolchai S, Munsawaengsub C, Charupoonphol P. Life Happiness of the Elderly in Rayong Province. J. Public Health. 2013;39(1):39-47.
7
8. Diener M. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ’s) About Subjective Well-Being (Happiness and Life Satisfaction): a Primer For Reporters and Newcomers. 2007; Available from: : http://www.Psych.uiuc.edu/~ediener/faq.html.
8
9. Feldman F. Whole Llife Satisfaction Concepts of Happiness. Theoria. 2008;74(3):219-38.
9
10. Montazeri A, Azin SA, Jahangiri K, Siddiqui J, Ebadi M, Hedayati AA, et al. Happiness of The People of Iran and its Associated Factors: a Study From the Perspective of Health. Quarterly Monitoring. 2012;11(4):467-75. (Persian)
10
11. Hsieh HF, Wang JJ. Effect of Reminiscence Therapy on Depression in Older Adults: a systematic review. IJNS. 2003;40(4):335.
11
12. Woods B, Spector A, Jones C, Orrell M, Davies S. Reminiscence Therapy for Dementia. CDSR. 2005;2.
12
13. Chen T-j, Li H-j, Li J. The Effects of Reminiscence Therapy on Depressive Symptoms of Chinese Elderly: Study Protocol of a Randomized Controlled Trial. BMC psychiatry. 2012;12(1):1-6.
13
14. Ando M, Morita T. Efficacy of the Structured Life Review and The Short-Term Life Review on the Spiritual Well-Being of Terminally Ill Cancer Patients. Health. 2010;2(4):342-6.
14
15. Stinson C, Kirk E. Structured Reminiscence: an Intervention to Decrease Depression and Increase Selftranscedence in Older Woman. JCN 2005;15(2).
15
16. Pinquart M, Forstmeier S. Effects of Reminiscence Interventions on Psychosocial Outcomes: A Meta-Analysis. Aging & mental health. 2012;16(5):541-58.
16
17. Cappeliez P, Rivard V, Guindon S. Functions of Reminiscence in Later Life: Proposition of a Model and Applications. Eur Rev Appl Psychol. 2007;57(3):151-6.
17
18. Pinquart M, Duberstein P, Lyness J. Effects of Psychotherapy and Other Behavioral Interventions on Clinically Depressed Older Adults: a Meta-Analysis. Aging & mental health. 2007;11(6):645-57.
18
19. Wang JJ. The Effects of Reminiscence on Depressive Symptoms and Mood Status of Older Institutionalized Adults in Taiwan. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2005;20(1):57-62.
19
20. Wang J. Group Reminiscence Therapy for Cognitive and Affective Function of Demented Elderly in Taiwan. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2007;22(12):1235-40
20
21. Chiang Kj, Chu H, Chang Hj, Chung MH, Chen CH, Chiou HY, et al. The Effects of Reminiscence Therapy on Psychological Well Being, Depression, and Loneliness Among the Institutionalized Aged. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2010;25(4):380-8.
21
22. Momeni k. Memory Processing Narrative Coherence and Effectiveness in Reducing Depressive Symptoms in Elderly Women Living in Sanitarium. Journal of Family Counseling & Psychotherapy. 2012;1(3):366-81.(Persian)
22
23. Korte J, Bohlmeijer ET, Westerhof GJ, Pot AM. Reminiscence and Adaptation to Critical Llife Events in Older Adults With Mild to Moderate Depressive Symptoms. Aging & mental health. 2011;15(5):638-46.
23
24. Chou Y, Lan Y, Chao S. Application of Individual Reminiscence Therapy to Decrease Anxiety in an Elderly Woman With Dementia]. Hu Li Za Zhi. 2008;55(4):105.
24
25. Lin YC, Dai YT, Hwang SL. The Effect of Reminiscence on the Elderly Population: a systematic review. PHNs. 2003;20(4):297-306.
25
26. Bohlmeijer E, Westerhof G, Emmerik-de Jong M. The Effects of Integrative Reminiscence on Meaning in Life: Results of a Quasi-Experimental Study. Aging & Mental Health. 2008;12(5):639-46.
26
27. Bryant FB, Smart CM, King SP. Using the Past to Enhance the Present: Boosting Happiness Through Positive Reminiscence. J Happiness Stud. 2005;6(3):227-60.
27
28. Moradi nejad s, Sahbaee F, Nekavand m. Effects of Reminiscence and Mental Health Elderly. Journal of Aging. 2009;5(17):60-6. (Persian)
28
29. De Silva H, Gunatilake S. Mini Mental State Examination in Sinhalese: a Sensitive Test to Screen For Dementia in Sri Lanka. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2002;17(2):134-9.
29
30. Frooghan M, jaafari Z, Shirin bayan P, ghaem Farahani Z, Rahghozar M. Brief Cognitive Status Examination Standardization Elderly in Tehran 2006. Advances in Cognitive Science. 2008;10(2):29-37. (Persian)
30
31. Lin LC, Watson R, Lee YC, Chou YC, Wu SC. Edinburgh Feeding Evaluation in Dementia (EdFED) Scale: Cross Cultural Validation of the Chinese Version. J Adv Nurs. 2008;62(1):116-23.
31
32. Ghasemi A, Abedi A. Effectiveness of Group Education Based on Expectancy Theory Snyder on Elderly Happiness. Knowledge and Research in Psychology Islamic Azad University. 2010;41:17-44. (Persian)
32
33. Alipoor A, Noorbala A. A Preliminary Evaluation of the Validity and Reliability of the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire in Students in the Universities of Tehran. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology. 1999;5(1):55-66. (Persian)
33
34. Watt LM, Cappeliez P. Integrative and Instrumental Reminiscence Therapies for Depression in Older Adults: Intervention Strategies and Treatment Effectiveness. Aging & Mental Health. 2000;4(2):166-77.
34
35. Hanaoka H, Okamura H. Study on Effects of Life Review Activities on the Quality of Life of the Elderly: a Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychother Psychosom. 2004;73(5):302-11.
35
36. Majzoobi MR, Moeni K, Amani R, Hojjatkhah M. The Effectiveness of Structured Group Reminiscence on the Enhancement of the Elderly's Life Quality and Happiness. Developmental Psychology (journal of iranian psychologists). 2013;9(34):189-202. (Persian)
36
37. Afonso R, Bueno B. Effects of a Reminiscence Program on Depressive Symptomatology in an Elderly Population in Portugal. Rev Esp Geriatr Gerontol. 2009;44(6):317.
37
38. Bohlmeijer E, Roemer M, Cuijpers P, Smit F. The Effects of Reminiscence on Psychological Well-Being in Older Adults: A meta-analysis. Aging & Mental Health. 2007;11(3):291-300.
38
39. Chao S, Liu H, Wu C, Jin S, Chu T, Huang T, et al. The Effects of Group Reminiscence Therapy on Depression, Self Esteem, and Life Satisfaction of Elderly Nursing Home Residents. J Res Nurs. 2006;14(1):36.
39
40. Wang JJ. Group Reminiscence Therapy for Cognitive and Affective Function of Demented Elderly in Taiwan. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2007;22(12):1235-40.
40
41. Hsieh C-J, Chang C, Su S-F, Hsiao Y-L, Shih Y-W, Han W-H, et al. Reminiscence Group Therapy on Depression and Apathy in Nursing Home Residents With Mild-to-Moderate Dementia. J Exp Clin Med. 2010;2(2):72-8.
41
42. Gudex C, Horsted C, Jensen AM, Kjer M, Sørensen J. Consequences From Use of Reminiscence-a Randomised Intervention Study in ten Danish Nursing Homes. BMC geriatrics. 2010;10(1):33.
42
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effect of Chamomile Extract on Sleep Quality of the Elderly
Background: The elderly often face difficulties in achieving a comfortable sleep. Due to its relaxing properties, chamomile may be effective in improving sleep quality in the elderly. Aim: to determine the effect of Chamaemelum Nobile extract on the sleep quality of hospitalized elderly in nursing homes of Isfahan. Methods: This study is a clinical trial with pretest and post test. The study population was 77 cases of elderly hospitalized in nursing homes. Participants were selected through random continuous sampling and divided into intervention and control groups. The intervention group received 400 mg oral capsules of chamomile twice daily after lunch and after dinner for 4 weeks. Quality of sleep in both groups was measured using the standard questionnaire of Sleep Quality Questionnaire Index (PSQI) before and after intervention. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 17 using descriptive statistics and paired t and independent t-tests. Results: The age of the participants in this study was 74.3±10.6 years and 53.2% of the participants were women. Mean score of sleep quality in the control group was 8.1±4.3 before the intervention and 8.2±4.0 after the intervention (p>0.05). Mean sleep quality score for the intervention group was 8.8±4.3 before the intervention and 5.0±3.7 after the intervention (P<0.001). Conclusion: Oral administration of chamomile extract has sedative properties and can be effective in the improvement of the quality of sleep in older adults.
https://ebcj.mums.ac.ir/article_3368_282b7e9c50b8ca2b7cfb07283b813d6c.pdf
2014-10-01
47
56
10.22038/ebcj.2014.3368
Sleep
Elderly
Chamaemelum
Mehrdad
Abdullahzadeh
mehrdad11012@gmail.com
1
MS in Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Saye Ali
Naji
a_naji@khuisf.ac.ir
2
PhD in Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
AUTHOR
Hardeland R. Melatonin and the Theories of Aging: A Critical Appraisal of Melatonin’s Role in Antiaging Mechanisms. J. Pineal. Res. 2013, 55: 325–56.
1
Cooke JR. Ancoli-Israel S. Normal and Abnormal Sleep in the Elderly. Handb Clin Neurol 2011; 98: 653-65.
2
Vallido T, Peters K, O’Brien L, Jackson D. Sleep in Adolescence: A Review of Issues for Nursing Practice. JCN 2008; 18: 1819–26.
3
Rudolph U, Knoflach F. Beyond Classical Benzodiazepines: Novel Therapeutic Potential of GABAA Receptor Subtypes. Nat Rev Drug Discover 2012; 10(9): 685-97.
4
Posadzki P, Watson LK, Alotaibi A, Ernst E. Prevalence of Herbal Medicine Use by UK Patients/Consumers: A Systematic Review of Surveys. FACT 2013; 18(1): 19–26.
5
Namvaran-Abbas-Abad A, Khayat-Nouri M. Interactions between Matricaria Recutita and Cisplatin on PTZ-Induced Seizure Threshold in Mice. KAUMS Journal (FEYZ) 2011; 15 (3):188-93. (Persian)
6
Srivastava JK, Shankar E, Gupta S. Chamomile: A Herbal Medicine of The Past With a Bright Future (Review). Mol Med Rep 2010; 3: 895-901.
7
Zick SM, Wright BD, Sen A, Arnedt JT. Preliminary Examination of The Efficacy and Safety of a Standardized Chamomile Extract for Chronic Primary Insomnia: A Randomized Placebo Controlled Pilot Study. CAM 2011; 11(78): 1-8.
8
Cho MY, Min ES, Hur MH, Lee MS. Effects of Aromatherapy on the Anxiety, Vital Signs, and Sleep Quality of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Patients In Intensive Care Units. eCAM [online], Vol, 2013, pp: 1-6, Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/381381. [Accessed 23 Oct 2013].
9
Kolla BP, Schneekloth T, Biernacka J, Mansukhani M, Geske J, Karpyak V, et al. The Course of Sleep Disturbances in Early Alcohol Recovery: An Observational Cohort Study. Am J Addict 2014; 23: 21–6.
10
Buysse DJ. Reynolds CF, Monk TH, Berman SR, Kupfer DJ. The Pittsburgh Quality Index: A New Instrument for Psychiatric Practice and Research. Psychiatry Research 1988; 28: 193-213.
11
Abbasi S, Mehdizadeh S, Payami Bousari M. Relationship Between General Health Level and Sleep Quality in Chemical Warfare Victims With Bronchiolitis Obliterans. Journal of Military Medicine 2012; 14 (1):15-19. (Persian)
12
Ong JC, Carde NB, Gross JJ, Manber R. A Two-Dimensional Approach To Assessing Affective States in Good And Poor Sleepers. JSR 2011; 20: 606–10.
13
Iwasaki M, Hirose T, Mita T, Sato F, Ito C, Yamamoto R, et al. Morningness –Eveningness Questionnaire Score Correlates With Glycated Hemoglobin in Middle-Aged Male Workers With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. JDI 2013; 4(4): 376-81.
14
Khani F, Samsam Shariat S, Atashpour S. A Study of the Relationship between Personality Traits with Occupational Accidents and Quality of Sleep among Road Drivers in Isfahan City (Year 1390). Security and Social Order Strategic Studies Journal 2013; 1(4): 75-88. (Persian)
15
Modarres M, Mirmohhamad Ali M, Oshrieh Z, Mehran A. Comparison of the Effect of Mefenamic Acid and Matricaria Camomilla Capsules on Primary Dysmenorrhea. J Babol Univ Med Sci 2011; 13(3): 50-8. (Persian)
16
Modares M, Besharat S, Rahimi Kian F, Besharat S, Mahmoudi M, Salehi Sourmaghi H. Effect of Ginger and Chamomile Capsules on Nausea And Vomiting In Pregnancy. J Gorgan Uni Med Sci 2012; 14 (1): 46-51. (Persian)
17
Karimian Z, Sadat Z, Abedzadeh M, Sarafraz N, Kafaei Atrian M, Bahrami N. Comparison the Effect of Mefenamic Acid and Matricaria Chamomilla on Primary Dysmenorrhea in Kashan Medical University Students 2013; 13(4):413-20. (Persian)
18
Burgess HJ. Evening ambient light exposure can reduce circadian phase advances to morning light independent of sleep deprivation. J. Sleep Res. 2013; 22: 83–8.
19
Ahmadvand A, Sepehrmanesh Z, Ghoreishi F, Mousavi S. Prevalence of Insomnia among 18 Years Old People and Over in Kashan City, Iran in 2008. KAUMS Journal (FEYZ). 2010; 13(4): 313-20. (Persian)
20
Amsterdam JD, Shults J, Shoeller I, Mao JJ, Rockwell K, Newberg AB. Chamomile (Matricaria Recutita) May Have Antidepressant Activity In Anxious Depressed Humans - An Exploratory Study. Altern Ther Health Med. 2012; 18(5): 44-9.
21
Amsterdam JD, Li Y, Soeller I, Rockwell K, Mao JJ, Shults J. A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Oral Matricaria Recutita (Chamomile) Extract Therapy for Generalized Anxiety Disorder. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2009; 29(4): 378-82.
22
Langhorst J, Varnhagen I, Schneider SB, Albrecht U, Rueffer A, Stange R, et al. Randomized Clinical Trial: A Herbal Preparation of Myrrh Chamomile and Coffee Charcoal Compared With Mesalazine in Maintaining Remission in Ulcerative Colitis – A Double-Blind, Double-Dummy Study. AP&T 2013; 38(5): 490-500.
23
Shinomiya K, Inoue T, Utsu Y, Tokunaga S, Masuoka T, Ohmori A, Kamei C. Hypnotic Activities of Chamomile and Passiflora Extracts in Sleep-Disturbed Rats. Biol. Pharm. Bull 2005; 28(5): 808-10.
24
Liebrenz M, Boesch L, Stohler R. Caflisch C. Benzodiazepine Dependence: When Abstinence Is Not an Option. Addiction 2010; 105(11): 1877-8.
25
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The effect of aerobic exercise with 55-65% intensity of HRR on proteins C, S and platelets in sedentary middle-aged women
Background: In recent years, research has been done into various aspects of blood coagulation system, while the effect of exercise on this system has not been studied. Exercise may be able to contribute to the processes of coagulation and fibrinolysis cascades.Aim: To investigate the effect of six months of aerobic exercise on proteins C, S and platelets in sedentary middle-aged women.Methods: In this randomized clinical trial, 19 inactive middle-aged women were randomly divided into two groups: experimental and control. The experimental group attended aerobic exercise with the intensity of 55 to 65% of the heart rate reserve for six months; three sessions per week, each 60 minutes. A Coulter type CO-BASS device measured the coagulation factors. Data were analyzed by SPSS ver. 16, independent and paired t-tests.Results: the mean age was 42.2 ± 3.3 years old and weight 64.0 ± 8.6 kg. Sample were identical and normal confirmed by statistical tests of levene and Shapiro-Willkie (p>0.05). The results of paired t-test showed no significant changes in the levels of protein C (101.3 ± 6.1) in the experimental group (p=0.81). The changes of protein S (101.6 ± 5.2) were not significant in this group (p=0.12) either. Nevertheless, the level of platelets (254636.3± 65944.3) was significantly increased in the experimental group (p<0.04). Moreover, the intergroup variations in protein C (p=0. 22), protein S (p=0.16), and platelets (p=0.89) were not significant.Conclusion: Due to the effect of aerobic exercise on platelet levels in the present study, it is suggested that aerobic exercise can be used to prevent and treat blood coagulation problems.
https://ebcj.mums.ac.ir/article_3367_43f5872a2aad4d7c12425030ec79cf70.pdf
2014-10-01
57
64
10.22038/ebcj.2014.3367
aerobic exercise
Platelets
Protein C and S
Sedentary Middle-aged Women
Nahid
Bijeh
bijeh@ferdowsi.um.ac.ir
1
Associate Professor of Exercise Physiology, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Fahimeh sadat
Jamali
fasaja88@yahoo.com
2
Master of physical education and sports science, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Alireza
Zabihi
ali.zabihi@yahoo.com
3
General Physician, Hayyan Clinic, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Keyvan
Hejazi
keyvanhejazi@yahoo.com
4
PhD Student of Exercise Physiology, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Samavati-Sharif MA, Ranjbar K, Sazvar A. The Effect of Resistance Training Exercise on Hematological, Immunological and Coagulation Parameters in Sedentary Young Men. Journal of Evidence-Based Care 2013; 3(6): 37-47. (Persian)
1
A SE, Moses PD, George R. Ocular Manifestations of Behcet's Disease. J of Indian Pediatr. 2005; 42(9): 934-8.
2
Smith JE. Effect of Strenuous Exercise on Haemostasis. Br J of Sports Med 2003; 37(5): 433-5.
3
El-Sayed MS, El-Sayed Z, Ahmadizad S. Exercise and Training Effects on Blood Haemostasis in Health and Disease. J of Sports Med 2004; 34(3): 181-200. (Persian)
4
El-Sayed MS, Ali N, El-Sayed Z. Aggregation and Activation of Blood Platelets in Exercise and Training. J of Sports Med 2005; 35(1): 11-22. (Persian)
5
Ghanbariniaki A, Amirnezhad S, Hakimi J. Effect of Three Days of Non-consecutive Running one Mile on Hematology Variables. J of Sports Sci 2006; 3: 54-7. (Persian)
6
Fredrichson LA, Puhl JL, Ungan WS. Effects of Training on Indices of Iron Status of Sedentary Middle-aged Women. J of Med Sci Sport Exerc 1983; 15(4): 271-6.
7
Moore RJ, Friedl KE, Tulley RT. Maintenance of Iron Status in Healthy Men During an Extended Period of Stress and Physical Activity. Am J of Clin Nutr 1993; 58(6): 923-7.
8
Nikseresht A, Basirat N. The Effect of Aerobic Exercises on the Level of Lipid and Glucose in the Blood of Fasting Men. J of Jahrom Univ Med Sci 2010; 8(4): 1-6. (Persian)
9
Karakoc Y, Duzova H, Polat A, et al. Effect of Training Period on Haemorheological Variables in Regularly Trained Footballers. Br J of Sports Med 2005; 39(2): 24-9.
10
Dressendorfer RH. Development of Runner Anemia During a 20-day Road Race: Effects of Iron Supplements. Int J of Sports Med 1999; 12(3): 332-6.
11
Moore RJ, Friedl KE, Tulley RT. Maintenance of Iron Status in Healthy Men during an Extended Period of Stress and Physical Activity. Am J of ClinNutr 1998; 58(6): 923-7.
12
Szymanski LM, Kessler CM, Fernhall B. Relationship of Physical Fitness and Homeostatic Risk Factors in Postmenopausal Women. J of Appl Physiol 2005; 98: 1341-8.
13
Menzel K, Hilberg T. Coagulation and Fibrinolysis in Balance after Moderate Exercise in Middle-aged Participants. J of Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2009; 15(3): 348-55.
14
Kahraman S, Demirkan F, Bediz C. The Effect of Exercise on Fibrinolysis and Coagulation Systems in Healthy Volunteers. J of Thromb Haemost 2007; 2: 362-8.
15
Cristina Z, San Jose, Imperatriz P. Effects of Aerobic Exercise on Coagulation, and Plasma Lipids, Vascular Disease Prevention. J of Bentham Science 2005; 2: 145-50.
16
Zanettini R, Bettega D, Agostoni O, Ballestra B, del Rosso G. The Effect of Exercise on Fibrinolysis. J of Cardiology 2002; 88: 468-73.
17
Wang JS. Exercise Prescription and Thrombogenesis. J of Biochem Sci 2006; 13(2): 753-61.
18
Teoman N, Ozcan A, Acar B. The Effect of Exercise on Physical Fitness and Quality of Life in Postmenopausal. J of Maturitas 2004; 47: 71-7.
19
El-Sayed M, Lin X. Blood Coagulation and Fibrinolysis in Response to Maximal Exercise before and after a Physical Conditioning Program. J of Blood Coagula Fibrinolysis 1995; 20: 747-52.
20
Koeing W, Ernst E. Exercise and Thrombosis. J of Coronary Artery Disease 2000; 11: 123-7.
21
Ghanbari-Niaki A. Plasma Apo-M Response to a Circuit Resistance Training Program. J of Annals of Applied Spo Sci 2013; 1(4): 1-4.
22
Kahraman S, Demirkan F, Bediz C. The Effect of Exercise on Fibrinolysis and Coagulation Systems in Healthy Volunteers. J of Thromb Haemost 2007; 2: 362-8.
23
Foster NK, martyn JB, rangno RE, Hogg JC, Pardy RL. Leukocytosis of Exercise: Role of Cardiac Output and Catecholamines. J of Appl Physio 1986; 61: 2218 -23.
24
Argonaut SE, Moses PD, George R. Ocular Manifestations of Behcet's Disease. J of Indian Pediatr 2005; 42(9): 942-5.
25
Tait RC, Walker ID, Reitsma PH. Prevalence of Protein C Deficiency in the Healthy Population. J of Thromb Haemost 1995; 73(1): 87-93. 22. Crowley LV. An Introduction to Human Disease: Pathology and Pathophysiology Correlations. J of Crit Care Med 2010; 25: 246-50. 25. Lekakis J, Triantafyllidi H, Galea V. The Immediate Effect of Aerobic Exercise on Haemostatic Parameters in Patients with Recently Diagnosed mild to Moderate Essential Hypertension. J of Thro 2008; 25: 179–84. 26. Pasupathy S, Naseem KM, Homer-Vanniasinkam S. Effects of Warm-up on Exercise Capacity, Platelet Activation and Platelet-leukocyte Aggregation in Patients with Claudicating. Br J of Surg 2005; 92: 50–5. 27. Aldemir H, Kiliç N. The Effect of Time of Day and Exercise on Platelet Functions and Platelet-neutrophil Aggregates in Healthy Male Subjects. J of Mol Cell Biochem. 2005; 280: 119-24. 28. Wang J-S, Yen H-L, Yang C. Warm-up Exercise Suppresses Platelet-eosinophil/neutrophil Aggregation and Platelet-promoted Release of Eosinophil/neutrophil Oxidant Products Enhanced by Severe Exercise in Men. J of Thromb Haemost 2006; 95: 490–8. 29. Perneby C, Wallen NH, Hofman C. Effect of Clopidogrel Treatment on Stress-induced Platelet Activation and Myocardial Ischemia in Aspirin-treated Patients with Stable Coronary Artery Disease. J of Thromb Haemost 2007; 98: 1316–22.
26
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effect of health promotion program with collaborative approach on physical activity of overweight school-age girls
Background: Nowadays, due to ineffectiveness of interventions in the prevention of obesity in school-age children, collaborative approach in order to prevent and control the obesity seems necessary. Aim: to assess the impact of health promotion programs with collaborative approach on physical activity levels of overweight school-age girls. Methods: This quasi-experimental and pretest/post-test study was conducted among 80 overweight female students which were randomly selected. Data were collected via activity checklist. In the test groups, health promotion programs were administered in 3 stages of assessment, supportive planning and evaluation in 6 to 8 one-hour sessions for four consecutive weeks (2 sessions per week for students, parents and teachers), activities suitable with children’s condition 3 sessions per week, and evaluation for 3 months. Level of children's activity in both groups were evaluated by the child and parents before and 3 months after intervention and analyzed by SPSS software version 16, independent and paired t-tests, and chi-square. Results: Before the intervention, the two groups were similar in terms of age, place of birth, history of disease, nutrition, parental age, education, occupation and income, and duration of exercise. After the intervention, both groups had significant differences in duration of exercise (P<0.001). Conclusion: Health promotion programs with collaboration of children, parents and teachers could increase exercise duration in overweight children.
https://ebcj.mums.ac.ir/article_3388_00142d53f61611758565a713b7f81fc6.pdf
2014-10-01
65
76
10.22038/ebcj.2014.3388
Overweight
Health promotion programs with collaborative approach
Physical Activity
School-age children
Saeedeh
Jafarzadeh
saeedeh.jafarzadeh@yahoo.com
1
MS in Pediatrics Nursing, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Sima
Mohammad Khane Kermanshahi
sima098@yahoo.com
2
Assistant Professor of Nursing, Department of Nursing, School of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Ebrahim
Hajizadeh
hajitm@yahoo.com
3
Associate Professor of biostatistics Department, School of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Kosti RI, Panagitako DB. The Epidemic of Obesity in Children and Adolescent in the World. Cent Eur J Public Health.2006, 14(4):151-9.
1
2. Alborzimanesh M, Kimiagar M, Rashidkhani B. Relationship Between Overweight and Obesity with Lifestyle of School Age Student in Tehran. Iranian J Nutr.2011; 6:75-84. (Persian).
2
3.WHO. Global Strategy for Non-Communicable Disease Prevention and Control (draft).Geneva: world health organization 1997;who/ncd/GS/97.1.
3
4. Lobstin T, Baurl L.Obesity in Children and Young People: A Crisise in Public Health.I nternational Obesity Task Forse. Obesity Review.2004; 5(1):100-4.
4
5.Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Overweight and Obesity,Availablefrom:http://www.edc.gov/obesity/childhood/defining.htm,2009.
5
6. Azerbaijani M, Alipoor S. Relationship Between Physical Activity and Obesity in 6-12 Children. Scientific Quarterly of Teb and Tazkie.2003; 8(3):10-16. (Persian).
6
7. Kelishadi R, Ardalan G, gheiratmand R, Gouya MM, Emran MR, delavari A, et al. Association of Physical Activity and Dietary Behaviors in Relation to the Body Mass Index in a National Sample of Iranian Children and Adolescents. Bull World Health Organ. 2007; 85(1): 19-26. (Persian).
7
8. Hajian KO, Sajadi P, Rezvani AR. Prevalence of Overweight and Underweight Among Primary School Children Aged 7-12 Years (Babol; 2006). J Babol University of Medical Sciences 2008; 10: 83-91. (Persian).
8
9. Pelegrini A, Petroski EL, Coqueiro RDS, Gaya ACA. Overweight and Obesity in Brazilian School Children Aged 10 to 15 Years: Data From a Brazilian Sports Project. Arch Latinoam Nutr. 2008; 58(4): 343-9.
9
10. Ogden CL, Carroll MD, Curtin LR, Lamb MM, Flegal KM. Prevalence of High Body Mass Index in US Children and Adolescents, 2007-2008. JAMA .2010; 303(3):242-9.
10
11. Ochoa MC .Predictive Factor for Childhood Obesity in Spanish Case Control Study. Nutrition.2007;23(5):379-84.
11
12. Taheri F,Zangoie M,Kazemi T, Zangoi Fard M. Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity in 11-15 Years Old(Mid-School) Students in Birjand,2005.Birjand university of Medical Science.2011;8(2):58-64. (Persian).
12
13. He M.Piche L.Beynon CH. Screen-Related Sedentary Behaviors: Children’s and Parents ’Attitudes, Motivations, and Practices. J Nutr Educ Behav.2010;42(1):17-25.
13
14. Berkey CS,Rockett HR,Gillman MN.One –Year Change in Activity and Inactivity Among 10 to 15 Years Old Boys and Girls:Relationship to Change in Body Mass Index.Pediatrics .2003;111(4):836-43.
14
15. Kelshadi R ,Motlagh ME,Ardalan G, Ziyaodini H. Prevention of Chronic Non Communicable Disease :Today Better Than Tomorrow2007-2008 Isfahan.Isfahan university of medical science.2008.(Persian)
15
16. Sakamoto N,Wansen s, Tonthisirin k, Marui E. A Social Epidemiologic Study of Obesity Among Preschool Children in Thiland. Int J obese Relat Metab Disord.2001;25(3):389-94.
16
17. Deonis M,Blossner M. Prevalence and Trend of Overweight Among Preschool Children in Developing Countries. Am J Clin Nutr.2000;72(4):1032-39.
17
18. Limbers CH, Turner EA, Varni JW. Promoting Healthy Lifestyle: Behavior Modification and Motivational Interviewing in the Treatment of Child Obesity .J Clin lipidol.2008;2(3):169-78.
18
19. Crespo C, Smite E, Troiano R.Television watching, Energy Intake and Obesity in US Children.Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med.2011;155(3):360-65.
19
20. Kelishadi R, Hashemipoor M. Relationship Between Television Advertisement and Nutrition Pattern's of Children and Adolescents in Esfahan and Najafabad.[PHD Dissertation].Iran. Esfahan. Faculty of Medical Science. Esfahan University.2003.(Persian)
20
21. Abbott RA,Davies PS.Habitual Physical Activity Intensity : Their Relation to Body Composition in 5-10 Years Old Children .Eur Clin Nutr.2004;58(2):285-91.
21
22. Nejat S,Montazeri A, Holakouie K, Mohamadi K.The World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHO QOL-BREF) Questioner:Translation Validation Study of Iranian version.SJSPH.2006;4(2):1-14.
22
23. Ogdan CL.Carrol MD.Curti LR,lamb M,Flegal K. Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity in The United State 2007-2008. JAMA.2010;303(3):242-44.
23
24. Aminzadeh M, Hosseinzadeh M, Nikfar R, Ghaderian M, Mohsenporian S. Incidence in Overweight and Obesity Among School Children, Ahvaz-2010. Ajums.2013; 12(4):356-61. .(Persian)
24
25. Jones GL,Sutton A. Quality of Life in Obese Menopausal Women. Menopause Int.2008;14(1):26-32.
25
26. Amanallahi A, Sohrabi M, Montazeri A. Prevalence of Obesity and Overweight in Primary School Girls. Payesh.2011; 1:83-9.
26
27. Ward DS,Saunders R,Felton GM,William E. Implementation of a School Environment Intervention to Increase Physical Activity in High School Girls.Health Educ Res. 2006;21(6):896-910.
27
28. Khalid Mohammaed EL. Is High-Altitude Environment a Risk Factor for Childhood Overweight and Obesity in Saudi Arabia. wilderness Environ Med.2008; 19(3):157-63.
28
29. Robbins B,Gretebeck AK,kazani AS,Pender JN.Girls on The Move Program to Increase Physical Activity Participation. Nurs Res. 2006;55(3):206-16.
29
30. Allen D, Alberta M.Media and Children Physical Activity.Res Edu Promot Physical Activity.2005;16(2):1-4.
30
31. Tehrani f, Kazemi T. Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity in 7 to 18 Years Old Children in Birjand.Iran J Pediatr. 2009;19( 2):135-40. .( In Persian)
31
32. Clemens-stone S, Curie SL, Gerber D.Comprehensive Community Nursing:Familly,Aggregated community practice.6th ed.Mosby;2001.
32
33. Youth Physical Activity Guideline Toolkit. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Center for Disease Control and Prevention.National Center for Chronic Diseases and Prevention and Health Promotion Division of Adolescent and School Health.2010. Available at: Http: // www.cdc.gov/Healthy Youth.
33
34. Yackobovitch-Gavan M, Nagelberg N, Phillip M. The Influence of Diet and or Exercise and Parental Compliance on Health Related Quality of Life in Obese Children. Nutr Res. 2009;29(6):397-404.
34
35. Quinn A, Doody C, Oshea D. The Effect of Physical Activity Education Program on Physical Activity ,Fitness,Quality of Life and Attitude to Execise in Obese Femaile.J Sci Med Sport.2008;11(5):469-72.
35
36. Lazzeri G, Rossi S, Pammolli A, Pilato V, Pozzi T, Giacchi MV. Underweight and Overweight Among Children and Adolescents in Tuscany (Italy). Prevalence and Short-term Trends. J Prev Med & Hyg 2008; 49(1): 13-21.
36
37. Knopfli BH, Radtke THE, Schatzle B, Eisenblatter J. Effect of a Multidisciplinary in Patient Intervention on Body Composition, Aerobic Fitness and Quality of Life in Severely Obese Girls and Boys. J Adolesc Health.2008; 42(4):119-27.
37
38. Schwimmer J,Burwinkle T,Varni J.Health Related Quality of Life of Severely Obese Children and Adolescent. JAMA.2003; 289(14):1813-9.
38
39. Hockenberry MJ, Wilson D. Wong’s Nursing Care of Infant and Children. Philadeladelphia, st. Louise, Mosbey, 9th, Elsevier; 2009, P: 712-50.
39
40. Lin Ch,Su Ch,Ma H.Physical Activity Pattern and Quality of Life of Overweight Boys : A Preliminary Study. Occupation Therapy .2012;22(1):31-7.
40
41.Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Overweight and Obesity.2011.Available at: Http: //www.cdc.gov/obesity/childhood/:html.
41
42. Patrick K, Calfas KJ, Norman GJ, Zabinski MF, Sallis JF, Rupp J. Randomized Controlled Trial of a Primary Care and Home-Based Intervention for Physical Activity and Nutrition Behaviors. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2006; 160(2): 128-36.
42
43. Hajian K, Heidari B. Prevalence of Obesity and Its Associatedfactors in Population Aged 20 to 70 Years in Urban Areas of Mazandaran. JMUMS 2006; 16: 107-17 (Persian)
43
44. Wright K, Giger NJ, Norris K, Suro Z. Impact of Nurse- Directed,Coordinated School Health Program to Enhance Physical Activity Behaivior and Reduce Body Mass Index Among Minority Children:A Parallel- Group Randomized Control Trial.Int J Nur. 2013; 50(6): 727-37.
44
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The influence of the puppet Kolah Ghermezi on preoperative anxiety among hospitalized children with appendicitis in Dr Shaikh hospital of Mashhad
Background: Anxiety is the commonest problems before surgery. Preoperative anxiety not only causes pain and many suffering for children, but also has a negative impact on the recovery after surgery and probably later than that. Selecting a low risk and cost-effective way to control children's anxiety before surgery seems necessary. Aim: Influence of the puppet Kolah Ghermezi on preoperative anxiety in hospitalized children with appendicitis. Methods: In one quasi-experimental randomized control trial at Dr. Shaykh hospital of Mashhad, 50 children aged between 6 and 12 years old who were being prepared for appendicitis operation, were selected by simple draw and divided into two groups of intervention and control. Children in the intervention group were familiarized with the puppet Kolah Ghermezi one hour prior to the operation . The RCMAS anxiety test was then conducted on each child before referring them to an anesthesiologist. Data were analyzed by independent and paired T-tests using SPSS version 16. Results: 18 girls and 32 boys with a mean age of 9.45 ± 2 years participated in the study. In the intervention group, the mean anxiety before and after the intervention was 48.9 ± 16.7 and 31.5±12.4, and in control group was 45.5±17.3 and 59.1 ± 19.6, respectively. Differences in the anxiety before and after treatment in both groups was significant, showing a decrease in the intervention group while in the control group had an increase (p <0/001). Conclusion: The puppet Kolah Ghermezi can be recommended as an effective way to reduce the anxiety before surgery.
https://ebcj.mums.ac.ir/article_3391_713eae1f3a179b690e8a4e199945a2ec.pdf
2014-10-01
77
86
10.22038/ebcj.2014.3391
puppet
Preoperative Anxiety
children 6-12 years
Tayebeh
Reyhani
reyhanit@mums.ac.ir
1
Instructor of Pediatric Nursing, Department of Pediatric Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Zahra
Dehghan
nurse.z1985@gmail.com
2
MS in Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Reza
Shojaeian
drshojaeian@ymail.com
3
Phd candidate in Pediatric, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Seyedmohsen
Ashgharinekah
ashgharinekah@gmail.com
4
Assistant Professor, School of Education and Psychology, Mashhad University of Ferdowsi, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Hamidreza
Behnam Vashani
behnamhr@mums.ac.ir
5
Instructor of Pediatric Nursing, Department of Pediatric Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Nikbakhtnaserabadi AR, Taghavieelarijani T, Mahmoodi M. A Comparative Study of Two Repeated Invocations Recommended Relaxation and Anxiety Status of Patients before Abdominal Surgery. journal of Hayat. 2004;10(23):29-37. (persian)
1
Bassampour SS, NikbakhtNaserabadi AR, Mehran A, Pooresmaeil Z, Valiee S. Effect of Acupressure on Patients’ Anxiety and Vital Sign before Abdominal Surgeries. Journal of Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery,Medical science tehran. 2008;14(2):23-43. (persian)
2
Mamiyanlo H, Alhani F, Ghofranipuor F. Effect of School-age Children Admitted to the Program on Anxiety Games Children's Medical Center in Tehran, 1378-79. Journal of Medical Sciences Modares. 2001; 4(1):55-62. (persian)
3
Rabiee MR, Kazemimalekmahmoodi S. The Effect of Music on Anxiety of Hospitalized Children. Journal of Medical Sciences and Health Services of Gorgan. 2007;9(3):59-64. (persian)
4
Norian M, Jalaleddini A, Saatchi K, Kavossidoulanfar A. Effects of Stroke Massage Using Sesame Oil on Hospitalization Anxiety in School-age Girls. journal of University of Medical Sciences Birjand. 2013;10(3):210-18. (persian)
5
Bahrami N, Soleymani MA, Arjinee Z, Sharifnia SH, Masodi R, Shahrokhi A. Impact Anxious Patient Care Based Upon the Nursing Process for Elective Surgery for Women. Journal of Nursing Iran. 2012;25(77):9-30. (persian)
6
Ghardashi F. Factors Affecting Preoperative Anxiety. Journal of University of Medical Sciences Semnan. 2007;8(3):123-30. (persian)
7
Peery JN, Hooper V, Masiongale J. Reduction of Preoperative Anxiety in Pediatric Surgery Patients Using Age-appropriate Teaching Interventions. J Perianesth Nurs. 2012;27(2):69-81.
8
Shabaniyan GR, Poriamofrad E, Akhlaghi M. Comparison of Orange Blossom Water and Diazepam in Reducing Anxiety before Surgery. journal of University of Medical Sciences Shahrekord. 2008;10(4):13-8. (persian)
9
Rohi G, Rahmani H, Abdolahi AA, Mahmoodi GhR. The Effect of Music on Anxiety and Some Physiological Parameters of Patients before Abdominal Surgery. Journal of University of Medical Sciences Gorgan. 2005;17(1):75-8. (persian)
10
Ahmed ML, Farrell MA, Parrish K, Karla A. Preoperative Anxiety in Children Risk Factors and Non-pharmacological Management. Middle East J Anesthesiol. 2011;21(2):153-70.
11
Wright KD, Stewart SH, Finley A, Buffett J. Prevention and Intervention Strategies to Alleviate Preoperative Anxiety in Children A Critical Review. Behavior modification. 2007;31(1):52-79.
12
Babashahi M, Fayazi S, Aghel N, Haghighizade MH. Effect of Aromatherapy on Anxiety Level among Preoperative patients. Journal of Medicine. 2010;9(5):507-16. (persian)
13
Bagherian S, Borhani F, Abbaszadeh A, Ranjbar H, Solaimani F. The Effect of Distraction by Bubble-making on the Procedural Anxiety of Injection in Thalassemic School- age Children in Kerman Thalasemia Center. journal of University of Medical Sciences Shahid Beheshti. 2012;22(76):52-9. (persian)
14
Hasani V, Fathi M, Saadatniaki A. Evaluation of Anti Anxiety Effect of Rectal Diazepam as a Premedication with Oral Midazolam on Children Who are Undergoing Eye Surgery. Journal of Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care 2009;30(65):34-40. (persian)
15
Naziri F, Alijanpoor E, Rabiee SM, Seyfi SH, Mir M, Hoseenpoor M, Bijanee A. Comparison of Oral Midazolam and Promethazine on the Level of Separation Anxiety from Parents to Children before Anesthesia. Journal of Medical Sciences and Health Services of Babol. 2007;9(4):29-32. (persian)
16
Memarzadeh M, Hosseinpour M, Aflakiani H. Evaluation of Playing Room on Preoperative Anxiety of 2-6 years old children in Al-Zahra Hospital. Journal Iranian of Surgery. 2006;14(4):1-6. (persian)
17
Abdekhodaei MS, Sadeghiordoubady A. Prevalence of Separation Anxiety in Children and Effect of Cognitive Behavioral Play Therapy on Reducing it. journal of clinical psychlogy. 2011;3(12):51-8. (persian)
18
The Role of Puppet Therapy on Children's Mental Health. (Home page on the internet). [cited2013 Nov20]. Available from: http://vista.ir.
19
Zakerimoghadam M, Aliasgharpoor M, Mehran A, Mohammadi S. Effect of Patient Education on Anxiety about Pain Control in Patients Undergoing Abdominal Surgery. Journal of Hayat. 2009;15(4):13-22. (persian)
20
Taghavi MR. Standardization Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale (RCMAS) for Different Levels of Education Students in Shiraz. Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities of Shiraz University.2005;24(4):179-88. (persian)
21
Asgharinekah SM. Evaluation of Potential Use in the Treatment and Rehabilitation of Hand Dolls Autistic Children. The Secend National Congress of Art Therapy in Iran Tehran.2009;77.
22
Tahmasbi S. Second National Seminar on Education and Healtin Preschool Children. Tehran: University of Welfare Sciences and Rehabilitation; 2011:23-4.
23
Hashemi M, MirzamaniSM, Davarmanesh A, Salehi M, Nazadikashani Gh. Effect Puppet Show Aggression in Female Students in Educable Mentally Retarded Children. Journal of Neurological Rehabilitation. 2010;11(15). (Persian)
24
Asgharinekah SM, Afruoz GA, Bazargan A, Shokohiyekta M. Puppet Play Therapy for Children Intervened Impact on Communication Skills. Journal of Fundamentals of Mental Health. 2011;13(1):44-55. (persian)
25
Martin SE, Boekamp JR, McConville DW, Wheeler EE. Anger and Sadness Perception in Clinically Referred Preschoolers: Emotion Processes and Externalizing Behavior Symptoms. Child Psychiatry Hum. 2009;4(1):30-46.
26