ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effect of a Structured Sensory Stimulation Program on the Sensory Function of Patients with Stroke-induced Disorder of Consciousness
Background: About 50% of stroke patients suffer from the disorder of consciousness with such adverse effects as sensory deprivation. The provision of a care program consisting of simple and safe stimulations can prevent sensory deprivation and improve the patient’s sensory function. Aim: This study aimed to determine the effect of structured sensory stimulation program on the sensory function of the patients with stroke-induced disorder of consciousness. Method: This randomized clinical trial was conducted on 80 patients with stroke-induced disorder of consciousness admitted to the Intensive Care Unit and Emergency Department of Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad, Iran, in 2016. The participants were randomly assigned into two groups of control and intervention. The patients in the intervention group were subjected to a sensory stimulation program consisting of auditory, visual, olfactory, gustatory, tactile, and motor stimulations for 14 consecutive days. The sensory function was measured every day before and after the intervention using the Sensory Modality Assessment and Rehabilitation Technique (SMART) instrument. On the other hand, the control group received the routine care. The data were analyzed in the SPSS version 11.5 using the Mann-Whitney test, Chi-square test, and independent t-test. Results: According to the results, the patients in the intervention and control groups had the mean ages of 66.2±8.9 and 63.8±10.8, respectively. The pre-intervention SMART scores of the two groups were homogenous (P=0.23). However, the independent t-test showed that the final SMART score was significantly higher (P<0.001) in the intervention group (25.1±6.6) than that in the control group (15.5±3.9). Implications for Practice: As the findings of the study indicated, sensory stimulation with simple and accessible stimuli in the course of therapeutic programs could improve the sensory function of the stroke patients with the disorder of consciousness and prevent sensory deprivation
https://ebcj.mums.ac.ir/article_9086_d05841f7a6adcf5f36eeb5e6e8db6e51.pdf
2017-07-01
7
16
10.22038/ebcj.2017.23807.1505
Keywords: consciousness
sensation
sensory stimulation
Stroke
Khadijeh
Sargolzaei
sargolzaeikh2@mums.ac.ir
1
MSc Student of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Maryam
Shaghaee Fallah
m_shaghaee@yahoo.com
2
MSc in Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Nahid
Aghebati
aghebatin@mums.ac.ir
3
Assistant Professor of Nursing, Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Habibollah
Esmaily
esmailyh@mums.ac.ir
4
Associate Professor, Department of Biostatistics and Member of Health Sciences Research Center, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
MohammadTaghi
Farzadfard
farzadfardmt@mums.ac.ir
5
Assistant Professor, Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Mazlom S, Hasanzadeh F, Ghandehari K. The effect of mirror therapy on motor abilities of patients with stroke. Evid Based Care. 2013;3(8):7-18 (Persian).
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Jafari M, Makarem A, Dalvandi A, Azimian M, Hosseini M. Determination of facilitators and barriers in post stroke life, in Kerman city. J Modern Rehabil. 2011;5(2):54-62 (Persian).
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Bagherpour A, Asadi B, Ghasemi M, Karimi M, Mehrabi F, Mehdizadeh S. Does high dose erythropoietin administration reduce ischemic stroke complications? Annal Military Health Sci Res. 2011;8(4):8-291 (Persian).
3
Lawrence ES, Coshall C, Dundas R, Stewart J, Rudd AG, Howard R, et al. Estimates of the prevalence of acute stroke impairments and disability in a multiethnic population. Stroke. 2001;32(6):1279-84.
4
Kavosi Pour S, Azimian M, Mirzaee H, Karimlou M, Sherafat E. Late and early comparing effects of sensory stimulation on the level of consciousness in comatose patients. J Rehabilit. 2007;8(3):21-6 (Persian).
5
Goudarzi F, Basampoor S, Zakeri-Moghadam M, Faghih-Zadeh S, Rezaie F, Mohamad-Zadeh F. Changes in level of consciousness during auditory stimulation by familiar voice in comatose patients. Iran Nurs J. 2010;23(63):43-50 (Persian).
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Heydari Gorji MA, Araghian Mojarad F, Jafari H, Gholipour A. Comparing the effects of familiar and unfamiliar voices as auditory sensory stimulation in level of consciousness among traumatic comatose patients in intensive care unit. J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci. 2013;22(97):208-14 (Persian).
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8
Gerber CS. Understanding and managing coma stimulation. are we doing everything we can? Crit Care Nurs Q. 2005;28(2):94-108.
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Mahmoodi GR, Hosseinzadeh E, Vakili MA, Kazemnejad K, Mohammadi MR, Taziki MH, et al. The effect of voice auditory stimulation on the consciousness of the coma patients suffering fromhead injury. J Res Dev Nurs Midwifery. 2013;10(1):1-9 (Persian).
10
Pedram-Razi S, Bassam-Pour SH, Faghihzadeh S, Alefbaei A. Effect of multi-sensory stimulation on memory status in patients with acute phase of ischemic stroke. J Health Care. 2017;18(4):280-91 (Persian).
11
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Hasanzadeh F, Hoseini Azizi T, Esmaily H, Ehsaee MR. Impact of familiar sensory stimulation on level of consciousness in patients with head injury in ICU. J North Khorasan Univ Med Sci. 2012;4(1):121-33 (Persian).
13
Pierce JP, Lyle DM, Quine S, Evans NJ, Morris J, Fearnside MR. The effectiveness of coma arousal intervention. Brain Inj. 1990;4(2):191-7.
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Mustafa AG, Alshboul OA. Pathophysiology of traumatic brain injury. Neurosciences. 2013;18(3):222-34.
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Shad FZ, Hooshmand P, Samini F. The effects of sensory stimulation on the level of consciousness in patients sufferring from head injury coma. J Sabzavar Univ Med Sci. 2002;9(3):67-73 (Persian).
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Najafi MR, Golshiri P, Khodabanehloo R, Najafi F. Outcome of patients with stroke admitted in stroke care unit and Neurologic. Bim J Hormozgan Univ Med Sci. 2007;11(2):153-8 (Persian).
21
Mazaheri T, Fallahpoor M, Karimlou M, Hosseini A. Validity of persian version of stroke impact scale (SIS) in patients with stroke. J Res Rehabil Sci J. 2012;7(5):688-97 (Persian).
22
Gill-Twaites H, Munday R. The sensory modality assessment and rehabilitation technique (SMART): a valid and reliable assessment for vegetative state and minimally conscious state patients. Brain Inj. 2004;18(12):1255-69.
23
Polit DF, Beck CT. Nurses research: generating and assessing evidence for nursing practice. 9th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2012.
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Ehsaee MR, Bahadorkhan GR, Samini F, Etemad Rezaee H. Rehabilitation of comatouse patients with brain injury resulting from use of sensory stimulation. J Mashhad Univ Med Sci. 2004;47(85):295-9 (Persian).
25
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Urbenjaphol P, Jitpanya C, Khaoropthum S. Effects of the sensory stimulation program on recovery in unconscious patients with traumatic brain injury. J Neurosci Nurs. 2009;41(3):E10-6.
27
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28
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29
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30
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31
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effect of Sexual Counseling on Stress, Anxiety, and Depression in Women during Postpartum Period
Background: Sexual dysfunction can lead to anxiety and depression. Failure to have sexual counseling during postpartum period is one of the issues that could affect sexual dysfunction within this period.
Aim: This study aimed to investigate the effect of sexual counseling on stress, anxiety, and depression in women during postpartum period.
Method: This single-blind randomized clinical trial was conducted on 75 postpartum women within the age range of 18-35 years, referring to four health centers of Mashhad, Iran, in 2016. The data were collected using the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21. The intervention included four 60 to 90-minute sessions of sexual counseling, performed within eight weeks. The control group received the routine care. The questionnaires were completed eight weeks after the end of the intervention. The data were analyzed by SPSS version 16 using the independent t-test and Mann-Whitney U test.
Results: The mean ages of the participants were 29.5±4.3 and 29.4±4.2 years in the intervention and control groups, respectively. The results of the Independent t-test, showed the mean stress score was significantly lower in intervention group (P = 0.04) and Mann-Whitney test, showed a significant decrease in the mean anxiety (P=0.01) and depression (P=0.003) scores, in intervention group compared to the control group 8 weeks after the intervention.
Implications for Practice: Sexual counseling can be helpful to decrease stress, anxiety, and depression in the women suffering from sexual problems during postpartum period.
https://ebcj.mums.ac.ir/article_9125_544bcdd3e1f87d3b796ae17f6be8d8c8.pdf
2017-07-01
17
26
10.22038/ebcj.2017.24244.1525
Anxiety
Depression
Postpartum
Sexual counseling
stress
maryam
zamani
zamanim931@mums.ac.ir
1
MSc Student of Counseling in Midwifery, Student Research Committee, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Robab
Latifnejad Roudsari
fathint901@mums.ac.ir
2
Associate Professor in Reproductive Health, Research Center for Patient Safety, Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Maryam
Moradi
moradim@mums.ac.ir
3
Assistant Professor, Evidence-Based Care Research Center, Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Habibollah
Esmaily
4
Professor, Research Center for Management and Social Determinants of Health, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
1. Bener A, Gerber LM, Sheikh J. Prevalence of psychiatric disorders and associated risk factors in women during their postpartum period: a major public health problem and global comparison. Int J Womens Health. 2012;4:191-200.
1
2. Salvatore S, Redaelli A, Baini I, Candiani M. Sexual function after delivery. childbirth-related pelvic floor dysfunction. New York: Springer International Publishing; 2016. P. 101-4.
2
3. Wouk K, Stuebe AM, Meltzer-Brody S. Postpartum mental health and breastfeeding practices: an analysis using the 2010–2011 pregnancy risk assessment monitoring system. Matern Child Health J. 2017;21(3):636-47.
3
4. McBride HL, Olson S, Kwee J, Klein C, Smith K. Women's postpartum sexual health program: a collaborative and integrated approach to restoring sexual health in the postpartum period. J Sex Marital Ther. 2017;43(2):147-58.
4
5. Laurent SM, Simons AD. Sexual dysfunction in depression and anxiety: conceptualizing sexual dysfunction as part of an internalizing dimension. Clin Psychol Rev. 2009;29(7):573-85.
5
6. Arrington R, Cofrancesco J, Wu AW. Questionnaires to measure sexual quality of life. Qual Life Res. 2004;13(10):1643-58.
6
7. Don BP, Chong A, Biehle SN, Gordon A, Mickelson KD. Anxiety across the transition to parenthood: change trajectories among low-risk parents. Anxiety Stress Coping. 2014;27(6):633-49.
7
8. Matthey S, Barnett B, Howie P, Kavanagh DJ. Diagnosing postpartum depression in mothers and fathers: whatever happened to anxiety? J Affect Disord. 2003;74(2):139-47.
8
9. Miller RL, Pallant JF, Negri LM. Anxiety and stress in the postpartum: is there more to postnatal distress than depression? BMC Psychiatry. 2006;6(1):12.
9
10. Britton JR. Pre‐discharge anxiety among mothers of well newborns: prevalence and correlates. Acta Paediatr. 2005;94(12):1771-6.
10
11. Britton JR. Maternal anxiety: course and antecedents during the early postpartum period. Depress Anxiety. 2008;25(9):793-800.
11
12. Faisal-Cury A, Rossi Menezes P. Prevalence of anxiety and depression during pregnancy in a private setting sample. Arch Womens Ment Health. 2007;10(1):25-32.
12
13. Rallis S, Skouteris H, McCabe M, Milgrom J. The transition to motherhood: towards a broader understanding of perinatal distress. Women Birth. 2014;27(1):68-71.
13
14. Clout D, Brown R. Sociodemographic, pregnancy, obstetric, and postnatal predictors of postpartum stress, anxiety and depression in new mothers. J Affect Disord. 2015;188:60-7.
14
15. Dennis CL, Janssen PA, Singer J. Identifying women at‐risk for postpartum depression in the immediate postpartum period. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2004;110(5):338-46.
15
16. Clout D, Brown R. Marital relationship and attachment predictors of postpartum stress, anxiety, and depression symptoms. J Soc Clin Psychol. 2016;35(4):322-41.
16
17. Morof D, Barrett G, Peacock J, Victor CR, Manyonda I. Postnatal depression and sexual health after childbirth. Obstet Gynecol. 2003;102(6):1318-25.
17
18. Tork Zahrai S, Banaei M, Ozgoli G, Azad M. Investigation of the postpartum female sexual dysfunction in breastfeeding women referring to healthcare centers of Bandar Abbas. Iran J Obstet Gynecol Infertil. 2016;19(35):1-12 (Persian).
18
19. Khajehei M, Doherty M, Tilley P, Sauer K. Prevalence and risk factors of sexual dysfunction in postpartum Australian women. J Sex Med. 2015;12(6):1415-26.
19
20. Sayasneh A, Pandeva I. Postpartum sexual dysfunction: a literature review of risk factors and role of mode of delivery. BJMP. 2010;3(2):316.
20
21. Lee JT, Tsai JL, Tsou TS, Chen MC. Effectiveness of a theory-based postpartum sexual health education program on women's contraceptive use: a randomized controlled trial. Contraception. 2011;84(1):48-56.
21
22. Abdool Z, Thakar R, Sultan AH. Postpartum female sexual function. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2009;145(2):133-7.
22
23. Collier F. When a couple wants a baby: what are the consequences on their sexuality? Sexologies. 2010;19(3):143-6.
23
24. Demyttenaere K, Gheldof M, Van Assche FA. Sexuality in the postpartum period: a review. Curr Obstet Gynaecol. 1995;5(2):81-4.
24
25. Leeman LM, Rogers RG. Sex after childbirth: postpartum sexual function. Obstet Gynecol. 2012;119(3):647-55.
25
26. Azizi M, Lamyian M, Faghihzade S, Nematollahzade M. The effect of counseling on anxiety after traumatic childbirth in nulliparous women; a single blind randomized clinical trial. J Kermanshah Univ Med Sci. 2010;14(3):219-27.
26
27. Asghari A, Saed F, Dibajnia P. Psychometric properties of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21 (DASS-21) in a non-clinical Iranian sample. Int J Psychol. 2008;2(2):82-102.
27
28. Mohammadi KH, Heydari M, Faghihzadeh S. The female sexual function index (FSFI): validation of the Iranian version. Payesh. 2008;7(3):269-78 (Persian).
28
29. Taghizadeh Z, Jafar BM, Arbabi M, Faghihzadeh S. The effect of counseling on post traumatic stress disorder after a traumatic childbirth. Hayat. 2008;13(4):23-31 (Persian).
29
30. Gamble J, Creedy D, Moyle W, Webster J, McAllister M, Dickson P. Effectiveness of a counseling intervention after a traumatic childbirth: a randomized controlled trial. Birth. 2005;32(1):11-9.
30
31. Dennis CL. Preventing postpartum depression part II: a critical review of nonbiological interventions. Can J Psychiatry. 2004;49(8):526-38.
31
32. Huang YC, Mathers NJ. A comparison of sexual satisfaction and post‐natal depression in the UK and Taiwan. Int Nurs Rev. 2006;53(3):197-204.
32
33. Milgrom J, Schembri C, Ericksen J, Ross J, Gemmill AW. Towards parenthood: an antenatal intervention to reduce depression, anxiety and parenting difficulties. J Affect Disord. 2011;130(3):385-94.
33
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Investigating the Effect of Humor Therapy on Chronic Pain in the Elderly Living in Nursing Homes in Mashhad, Iran
Background: The prevalence of chronic pains in the elderly residing in nursing homes is high, which can bring about social isolation, depression, incidence of disabilities, as well as increased costs. Given the risks, medication therapy is not used for the elderly, and non-pharmaceutical methods, such as humor therapy as one of the complementary medicine techniques using thought distraction, have been advocated. Aim: This study aimed to determine the effect of humor therapy on pain intensity in the elderly living in nursing homes in Mashhad, Iran. Method: This two-group, randomized, controlled clinical trial was conducted on two groups of intervention (28 individuals) and control (27 individuals) at two similar nursing homes in Mashhad, Iran, 2016. Humor therapy was performed during six 60-minute sessions (once per week) using humorous methods such as video clip displays, games, music plays, as well as telling funny jokes. Then, pain intensity was measured via the Modified German Version of the Brief Pain Inventory before the study and after the 3rd and 6th sessions of humor therapy. Finally, the data was analyzed using Mann-Whitney U test in SPSS, version 22. Results: The mean ages of the participants in the control and intervention groups were 73.9±4.3 and 73.9±5.8 years, respectively. The results of the Mann-Whitney U test also showed that pain intensity before the study in both groups was homogenous (P=0.15). Moreover, the mean scores of the highest, lowest, and moderate pain intensity after the 3rd (P<0.001) and 6th sessions (P<0.001) of humor therapy were significantly lower in the intervention group than those in the control group. Implications for Practice: In this study, humor therapy was recognized as an effective nursing intervention influencing geriatric pain intensity that could be employed to reduce pain in this age group.
https://ebcj.mums.ac.ir/article_9145_67accd0b4ac85fbdbcf3d35ef2860072.pdf
2017-07-01
27
36
10.22038/ebcj.2017.24247.1529
Chronic pain
Humor therapy
pain intensity
The elderly
Shohre
behrouz
shohrebehrooz@yahoo.com
1
MSc Student in Geriatric Nursing, Student Research Committee, Faculty of Nursing & Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
AUTHOR
Seyed Reza
Mazlom
mazlomr@mums.ac.ir
2
Instructor of Nursing, Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Hadi
Kooshiar
kooshyarh@mums.ac.ir
3
Assistant Professor of Gerontology ,Department of Medical- Surgical, Faculty of Nursing & Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Nahid
Aghebati
aghebatin@mums.ac.ir
4
Assistant Professor of Nursing, Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Negar
Asgharipour
asgharipourn@mums.ac.ir
5
Assistant Professor of Clinical Psychology, Research Center of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Hamidreza
Behnam
behnamhr@mums.ac.ir
6
Instructor of Nursing, Department of Pediatric Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
1. Rastogi R, Meek BD. Management of chronic pain in elderly, frail patients: finding a suitable, personalized method of control. Clin Interv Aging. 2013;8:37-46.
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5. Ross AC, Taylor CL, Yaktine AL, Del Valle HB. The national academies collection: reports funded by national institutes of health. Dietary reference intakes for calcium and vitamin D. Washington, DC: National Academy of Sciences; 2011.
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6. Kaye AD, Baluch A, Scott JT. Pain management in the elderly population: a review. Ochsner J. 2010;10(3):179-87.
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7. Treede RD, Rief W, Barke A, Aziz Q, Bennett MI, Benoliel R, et al. A classification of chronic pain for ICD-11. Pain. 2015;156(6):1003-7.
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8. Simon LS. Relieving pain in America: a blueprint for transforming prevention, care, education, and research. J Pain Palliat Care Pharmacother. 2012;26(2):197-8.
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10. Sari N, Kooshiar H, Vaghee S, Kamelnia H. Elderly’s Quality of Life and Related Factors Among Nursing Home Residents in Mashhad, 2013. J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci. 2014;23(1): 243-252.
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11. Maftoun F, Nikpour B, Majlesi F, Rahimi FA, Shariati B. Elderlies and medical services: demand and utilization in Tehran. Payesh. 2002;1(2):51-5 (Persian).
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12. Yonan CA, Wegener ST. Assessment and management of pain in the older adult. Rehabil Psychol. 2003;48(1):4.
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13. Corran TM, Helme RD, Gibson SJ. Multidisciplinary assessment and treatment of pain in older persons. Top Geriatr Rehabil. 2001;16(3):1-11.
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14. Davis GC, White TL. Nursing's role in chronic pain management with older adults. Top Geriatr Rehabil. 2001;16(3):45-55.
14
15. Turner JA, Chapman CR. Psychological interventions for chronic pain: a critical review. II Operant conditioning, hypnosis, and cognitive-behavioral therapy. Pain. 1982;12(1):23-46.
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16. Ikemoto T, Arai YC, Nishihara M, Ushida T. Strategies for managing chronic pain: case of a skilled orthopaedic physician and mini-review. Open J Orthoped. 2015;5(5):109.
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20. Matz A, Brown ST. Humor and pain management: a review of current literature. J Holist Nurs. 1998;16(1):68-75.
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21. Martin RA. The psychology of humor: an integrative approach. Massachusetts, US: Academic Press; 2010.
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22. Asghari EbrahimAbad M, Mashhadi A, Attarzadeh Hoseini R, Ahmadzadeh Ghavidel R, Mashhadi Nejad H. Effect of cognitive pain self-management program on depression, anxiety, and stress in women with chronic musculoskeletal pain: a pilot study. Evid Based Care. 2016;6(2):39-48.
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23. Tse MM, Lo AP, Cheng TL, Chan EK, Chan AH, Chung HS. Humor therapy: relieving chronic pain and enhancing happiness for older adults. J Aging Res. 2010;2010:34354.
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24. Ghodsbin F, Sharif Ahmadi Z, Jahanbin I, Sharif F. The effects of laughter therapy on general health of elderly people referring to jahandidegan community center in Shiraz, Iran, 2014: a randomized controlled trial. Int J Community Based Nurs Midwifery. 2015;3(1):31-8.
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25. Takeda M, Hashimoto R, Kudo T, Okochi M, Tagami S, Morihara T, et al. Laughter and humor as complementary and alternative medicines for dementia patients. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2010;10(1):28.
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39. Maghsoudi S, Sajjadi Z, Behnam Vashani H, Nekah A, Mohsen S, Manzari ZS. Comparison of the effects of play dough and bubble making distraction techniques on venepuncture pain intensity in children. Evid Based Care. 2016;5(4):25-32.
39
40. Dunbar RI, Baron R, Frangou A, Pearce E, van Leeuwin EJ, Stow J, et al. Social laughter is correlated with an elevated pain threshold. Proc Biol Sci. 2012;279(1731):1161-7.
40
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Effect of Implementation of a Pain Monitoring Protocol on the Pain Intensity in the Intensive Care Unit Semiconscious Patients
Background: Neglecting the pain assessment in intensive care unit (ICU) patients with decreased level of consciousness (LOC) can lead to inappropriate pain management. Implementation of a pain management protocol may contribute to avoiding such negligence. Aim: This study aimed to determine the effect of using a pain monitoring protocol on the pain intensity of ICU patients with decreased LOC. Method: This clinical trial was conducted on 60 nurses and 120 patients in the surgical ICUs of Imam Reza and Ghaem hospitals, Mashhad, Iran, 2016. The nurses in the intervention group were trained about pain management protocol in three 20-minute sessions (each session for 10 nurses). Before and after two weeks of training, the patients' pain intensity was monitored using the Nonverbal Pain Scale (NVPS) for three months during the resting-state, suctioning, and dressing change. The patients in the control group received routine nursery care. Data analysis was performed using independent and paired t-tests in the SPSS software version 22. Results: The nurses in the intervention and control groups had a mean age of 38.1±6.4 and 41.2±7.1 years, respectively. The results of independent t-test demonstrated no difference between overall pain intensity (P=0.08), pain intensity during resting-state (P=0.11), suctioning (P=0.23), and dressing change (P=0.06) scores among two groups before the intervention, however after the intervention, there was a significant reduction in the intervention group in comparison to the control group in all mentioned aspects (P<0.001) Implications for Practice: It was found that a satisfactory prediction of pain intensity during resting-state and painful procedures is obtained by using a pain management protocol, which enables the nurses to address the underlying causes of the pain and provide the necessary cares.
https://ebcj.mums.ac.ir/article_9138_c0fc787bfdafc9dd1c5d821aca5bff95.pdf
2017-07-01
37
45
10.22038/ebcj.2017.23797.1504
Decreased consciousness
ICU
pain intensity
Pain management
Majid
Akhond
1
MSc Student in Critical Care Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Razieh
Froutan
froutanr@mums.ac.ir
2
Assistant Professor, Dept. of Medical Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Javad
Malekzadeh
3
Instructor of Nursing, Department of Medical Emergency, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Seyed Reza
Mazlom
4
Instructor, Dept. of Medical Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Member of Evidence Based Care Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
AUTHOR
Topolovec-Vranic J, Canzian S, Innis J, Pollmann-Mudryj MA, McFarlan AW, Baker AJ. Patient satisfaction and documentation of pain assessments and management after implementing the adult nonverbal pain scale. Am J Crit Care. 2010;19(4):345-54.
1
Herr K, Coyne PJ, Key T, Manworren R, McCaffery M, Merkel S, et al. Pain assessment in the nonverbal patient: position statement with clinical practice recommendations. Pain Manag Nurs. 2006;7(2):44-52.
2
Aslan FE, Badir A, Selimen D. How do intensive care nurses assess patients’ pain? Nurs Crit Care. 2003;8(2):62-7.
3
Shannon K, Bucknall T. Pain assessment in critical care: what have we learnt from research. Intensive Crit Care Nurs. 2003;19(3):154-62.
4
Puntillo K. Pain experiences of intensive care unit patients. Heart Lung. 1990;19(5 Pt 1):526-33.
5
Schulte E, Price D. Pediatric nursing. Philadelphia: Saunders Press; 2001. P. 38.
6
Manworren RC. Pediatric nurses' knowledge and attitudes survey regarding pain. Pediatr Nurs. 2000;26(6):610-4.
7
Kwekkeboom KL, Herr K. Assessment of pain in the critically ill. Crit Care Nurs Clin North Am. 2001;13(2):181-94.
8
Gélinas C, Fortier M, Viens C, Fillion L, Puntillo K. Pain assessment and management in critically ill intubated patients: a retrospective study. Am J Crit Care. 2004;13(2):126-35.
9
Chanques G, Jaber S, Barbotte E, Violet S, Sebbane M, Perrigault PF, et al. Impact of systematic evaluation of pain and agitation in an intensive care unit. Crit Care Med. 2006;34(6):1691-9.
10
Coyne PJ. Assessing and treating the pain of pancreatitis. Am J Nurs. 1998;98(11):14-6.
11
Rose L, Smith O, Gélinas C, Haslam L, Dale C, Luk E, et al. Critical care nurses’ pain assessment and management practices: a survey in Canada. Am J Crit Care. 2012;21(4):251-9.
12
Shahriari M, Golshan A, Alimohammadi N, Abbasi S, Fazel K. Effects of pain management program on the length of stay of patients with decreased LOC: a clinical trial. Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res. 2015;20(4):502-7.
13
Olsen BF, Rustøen T, Sandvik L, Miaskowski C, Jacobsen M, Valeberg BT. Implementation of a pain management algorithm in intensive care units and evaluation of nurses' level of adherence with the algorithm. Heart Lung. 2015;44(6):528-33.
14
Li D, Puntillo K, Miaskowski C. A review of objective pain measures for use with critical care adult patients unable to self-report. J Pain. 2008;9(1):2-10.
15
Gélinas C, Arbour C, Michaud C, Vaillant F, Desjardins S. Implementation of the critical-care pain observation tool on pain assessment/management nursing practices in an intensive care unit with nonverbal critically ill adults: a before and after study. Int J Nurs Stud. 2011;48(12):1495-504.
16
Barr J, Fraser GL, Puntillo K, Ely EW, Gélinas C, Dasta JF, et al. Clinical practice guidelines for the management of pain, agitation, and delirium in adult patients in the intensive care unit. Crit Care Med. 2013;41(1):263-306.
17
Breivik H. Postoperative pain management: why is it difficult to show that it improves outcome? Eur J Anaesthesiol. 1998;15(6):748-51.
18
Apfelbaum JL, Chen C, Mehta SS, Gan TJ. Postoperative pain experience: results from a national survey suggest postoperative pain continues to be undermanaged. Anesth Analg. 2003;97(2):534-40.
19
Callahan R, Fleenor CP, Knudson HR. Underestanding organizational behavior a managerial view points. New York: Merrill Publishing Company; 1986.
20
Heikkilä J, Paunonen M, Laippala P, Virtanen V. Nurses’ ability to perceive patients’ fears related to coronary arteriography. J Adv Nurs. 1998;28(6):1225-35.
21
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Marmo L, Fowler S. Pain assessment tool in the critically ill post–open heart surgery patient population. Pain Manag Nurs. 2010;11(3):134-40.
23
Wysong PR. Nurses' beliefs and self-reported practices related to pain assessment in nonverbal patients. Pain Manag Nurs. 2014;15(1):176-85.
24
Payen JF, Chanques G, Mantz J, Hercule C, Auriant I, Leguillou JL, et al. Current practices in sedation and analgesia for mechanically ventilated critically Ill patientsA prospective multicenter patient-based study. Anesthesiology. 2007;106(4):687-95.
25
Al Sutari MM, Abdalrahim MS, Hamdan-Mansour AM, Ayasrah SM. Pain among mechanically ventilated patients in critical care units. J Res Med Sci. 2014;19(8):726.
26
Chanques G, Sebbane M, Barbotte E, Viel E, Eledjam JJ, Jaber S. A prospective study of pain at rest: incidence and characteristics of an unrecognized symptom in surgical and trauma versus medical intensive care unit patients. Anesthesiology. 2007;107(5):858-60.
27
Gélinas C. Management of pain in cardiac surgery ICU patients: have we improved over time? Intensive Crit Care Nurs. 2007;23(5):298-303.
28
Topolovec-Vranic J, Gélinas C, Li Y, Pollmann-Mudryj MA, Innis J, McFarlan A, et al. Validation and evaluation of two observational pain assessment tools in a trauma and neurosurgical intensive care unit. Pain Res Manag. 2013;18(6):e107-14.
29
Arroyo-Novoa CM, Figueroa-Ramos MI, Puntillo KA, Stanik-Hutt J, Thompson CL, White C, et al. Pain related to tracheal suctioning in awake acutely and critically ill adults: a descriptive study. Intensive Crit Care Nurs. 2008;24(1):20-7.
30
Brocas E, Dupont H, Paugam-Burtz C, Servin F, Mantz J, Desmonts JM. Bispectral index variations during tracheal suction in mechanically ventilated critically ill patients: effect of an alfentanil bolus. Intensive Care Med. 2002;28(2):211-3.
31
Al Darwish ZQ, Hamdi R, Fallatah S. Evaluation of pain assessment tools in patients receiving mechanical ventilation. AACN Adv Crit Care. 2016;27(2):162-72.
32
Vázquez M, Pardavila MI, Lucia M, Aguado Y, Margall M, Asiain MC. Pain assessment in turning procedures for patients with invasive mechanical ventilation. Nurs Crit Care. 2011;16(4):178-85.
33
Linde SM, Badger JM, Machan JT, Beaudry J, Brucker A, Martin K, et al. Reevaluation of the critical-care pain observation tool in intubated adults after cardiac surgery. Am J Crit Care. 2013;22(6):491-7.v
34
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Elixir of Visiting: A Qualitative Study on the Experiences of Conscious Mechanically Ventilated Patients in Intensive Care Units Regarding Visiting Family Members
Background: Visiting family members is one of the basic human needs; however, there is contradictory evidence about the advantages and disadvantages of the existing visiting systems. Therefore, the investigation of patients’ preferences for the visiting strategies, and achievement of their authentic experiences can significantly contribute to decision-making about the type of acceptable and approved policies in this domain. Aim: The aim of this study was to explain the experiences of conscious patients undergoing mechanical ventilation in Intensive Care Units regarding their visits with their family members. Method: This qualitative study was conducted on 15 conscious mechanically ventilated patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit in Iran in 2017. The data were collected using semi-structured interviews and observations. The sampling was performed through purposive sampling technique, which was continued until data saturation to select the individuals with rich experiences about the subject under investigation. The data were analyzed through the conventional type of qualitative content analysis. Results: Out of the initial 385 codes, 11 subthemes and 5 main themes were extracted during the analysis process, all of which were placed under the general concept of “the elixir of visiting”. The five main themes included visiting as a healing agent, visiting as an agent for the enhancement of perceived support, visiting as an agent for gaining hope, visiting as the patient’s urgent need, and preference for planed visiting. Implications for Practice: The results of the present study showed that visiting was like an elixir for the conscious patients undergoing mechanical ventilation in the Intensive Care Units. This practice could allay lots of their pains and lead to numerous valuable effects, such as elimination of loneliness and sadness, increased hope for survival and recovery, and enhancement of a sense of support. Therefore, nursing authorities and managers are required to take steps in terms of redefining visiting rules and regulations in line with patients’ preferences, and thereby move towards the promotion of patient care.
https://ebcj.mums.ac.ir/article_9148_639a330472128ad8f6f41babb62a5685.pdf
2017-07-01
46
58
10.22038/ebcj.2017.25177.1560
Intensive Care Unit
Conscious patients undergoing mechanical ventilation
Visiting family members
Fatemeh
Hajiabadi
1
Instructor of Nursing, PhD Candidate, Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Abbas
Heydari
heidarya@mums.ac.ir
2
Professor, Evidence- Based Care Research Center, Department of Medical- Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Zahra Sadat
Manzari
manzariz@mums.ac.ir
3
Assistant Professor, Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Kareshki H, Heydari A, Malekzade J, Esmaily H, Mohammadzadeh Z, Hesarimoghaddam M, et al. Design of psychometric assessment questionnaire to determine the causes of discomfort among patients admitted to the intensive care unit. Evid Based Care J. 2015;5(14):47-56.
1
Ramos FJ, Fumis RR, Azevedo LC, Schettino G. Intensive care unit visitation policies in Brazil: a multicenter survey. Rev Bras Ter Intensiva. 2014;26(4):339-46.
2
Athanasiou A, Papathanassoglou ED, Patiraki E, McCarthy MS, Giannakopoulou M. Family visitation in Greek intensive care unit: nursing perspective. Am J Crit Care. 2014;23(4):326-33.
3
Kalfon P, Mimoz O, Auquier A, Loundou A, Gauzit R, Lepape A, et al. Development and validation of a questionnaire for quantitative assessment of perceived discomforts in critically ill patients. Intensive Care Med. 2010;36(10):1751-8.
4
Chivukula U, Hariharan S, Rana S, Thomas M, Swain S. Role of psychosocial care on ICU trauma. Indian J Psychol Med. 2014;36(3):312–6.
5
Salavati M, Najafvandzadeh, M, Oshvandi, K, Homayonfar PD, Soltanian AR. The effects of programmed visiting on physiological indexes in CCU patients. Sci J Hamadan Nurs Midwifery Facul. 2012;20(3):43-53.
6
Garrouste-Orgeas M, Philippart F, Timsit JF, Diaw F, Willems V, Tabah A, et al. Perceptions of a 24-hour visiting policy in the intensive care unit. Crit Care Med. 2008;36(1):30-5.
7
Ghiyasvandian S, Abbaszadeh A, Ghojazadeh M, Sheikhalipour Z. The personal social factors of nurses beliefs about open visiting in ICU of Sina-Tabriz hospital: based on reasoned-action theory of Ajzen–Fishbein. Med J Tabriz Univ Med Sci. 2010;32(9):50-6 (Persian).
8
Zolfaghari M, Haghani H. Nurses viewpoint about visiting in coronary care unit. Iran J Cardiovasc Nurs. 2014;2(4):16-24 (Persian).
9
Berwick DM, Kotagal M. Restricted visiting hours in ICUs time to change. JAMA. 2004; 292(6):736-7.
10
Marco L, Bermejillo I, Garayalde N, Sarrate I, Margall MA, Asiain MC. Intensive care nurses, beliefs and attitudes towards the effect of open visiting on patients, family and nurses. Nurs Crit Care. 2006;11(1):33-41.
11
Kamrani F, Seyedjavadi M, Abedsaeedi Z, Alavimajd H, Hosseinian E. Physiologic indices of patients before, during and after visit in coronary care unit at Imam Khomeini hospital in Ardebil. Adv Nurs Midwifery. 2010;20(70):18-22 (Persian).
12
Chapman DK, Collingridge DS, Mitchell LA, Wright ES, Hopkins RO, Butler JM, et al. Satisfaction with elimination of all visitation restriction in a mixed-profile intensive care unit. Am J Crit Care. 2016;25(1):46-50.
13
Azoulay E, Pochard F, Chevret S, Lemaire F, Mokhtari M, Le Gall JR, et.al. Meeting the needs of intensive care unit patient families: a multicenter study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2001;163(1):135-9.
14
Fumagalli S, Boncinelli L, Lo Nostro A, Valoti P, Baldereschi G, Di Bari M, et al. Reduced cardiocirculatory complications with unrestrictive visiting policy in an intensive care unit results from a pilot, randomized trial. Circulation. 2006;113(7):946-52.
15
Basiri MM, Jani MR, Razm AM, Hamzei A, Mohseni ZM, Sarvari MH. The effect of regular family caregivers’ supportive meeting on physiologic parameters in CVA patients in intensive care unit. Med Surg Nurs J. 2015;4(3):61-8 (Persian).
16
Najafvandzadeh M, Davari Dolatabadi E, Salehi Kambo M. Effect of planned visit on dysrhythmia in cardiac care unit patients. J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci. 2015;25(125):41-8 (Persian).
17
Adinevand M, Toulabi T, Khankeh H, Ebrahim Zadeh F. Comparison impact of sensory excitation performed by family members and nurses on the level of consciousness in patients who are admitted to intensive care unit. Evid Based Care J. 2013;2(5):57-67 (Persian).
18
Usher BM. Family visitation in the adult intensive care unit. Crit Care Nurse. 2016;36(1):e15-8.
19
Lee M D, Friedenberg AS, Mukpo DH, Conray K, Palmiscian A, Levy MM. Visiting hours policies in New England intensive care units: strategies for improvement. Crit Care Med. 2007; 35(2):497-501.
20
Streubert Speziale HJ, Carpenter D. Qualitative research in nursing. Philadelphia: Williams & Wilkings Co; 2011.
21
Polit DF, Beck CT. Essentials of nursing research: appraising evidence for nursing practice. 8th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2014
22
Gonzalez CE, Carroll DL, Elliott JS, Fitzgerald PA, Vallent HJ. Visiting preference of patients in the intensive care unit and in a complex care medical unit. Am J Crit Care. 2004;13(3):194-8.
23
Mayring P. Qualitative content analysis: theoretical foundation, basic procedures and software solution. German: Erstveröffentlichung; 2014.
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Graneheim UH, Lundman B. Qualitative content analysis in nursing research: concepts, procedures and measures to achieve trustworthiness. Nurse Educ Today. 2004;24(2):105-12.
25
Caron B, Sharon C. Introduction to nursing research. Incorporating evidence-based practice. Boston: Jones and Bartlett Publisher; 2011.
26
LoBiondo-Wood G, Harber J. Nursing research: methods and critical appraisal for evidence-based practice. New York: Mosby Elsevier; 2010.
27
Mitchell ML, Aitken LM. Flexible visiting positively impacted on patients, families and staff in an Australian Intensive Care Unit: A before-after mixed method study. Aust Crit Care. 2017;30(2):91-7.
28
Tanner J. Visiting time preferences of patients, visitors and staff. Nurs Times. 2005;101(27) :38-42
29
Rahmani R, Motahedian Tabrizi E, Rahimi A. To assess the effect of planed meeting on the physiologic indicators of the patients who suffer from Acute Coronary Syndrome. J Crit Care Nurs. 2013;6(1):57-64.
30
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Inhibitors and Facilitators of Unwanted Adolescent Pregnancy in Iran and the World: A Review
Background: Approximately 16 million adolescent girls aged 15 to 19 years and 1 million teenage girls less than 15 years of age become pregnant worldwide annually, and the majority of these pregnancies are unintended. Unwanted adolescent pregnancy coupled with impaired and inadequate physical and mental health can lead to slow progression of the community and the short- and long-term negative consequences. Aim: This study aimed to investigate the inhibitors and facilitators of unwanted adolescent pregnancy in Iran and across the globe. Method: The current narrative review was conducted using the keywords of "pregnancy", "unwanted", and "adolescent" in both Persian and English articles published from 2000 to 2016. The searched databases included Google Scholar, PubMed, Elsevier, Scopus, ProQuest, Irandoc, Scientific Information Database (SID), and Magiran. Results: Twenty-nine articles related to the study objectives were selected. Our investigations indicated that the inhibitors of unwanted adolescent pregnancy could be classified into four main categories of abstinence, religious beliefs, adolescent employment program, and parent-adolescent relationship. Further, the facilitators of unwanted adolescent pregnancy were categorized into eight categories of pornography on the Internet and media, peer pressure, lack of knowledge and information, drug and alcohol abuse, violence, adherence to fashion in clothing, economic and income status and family structure. Implications for Practice: The findings of this review revealed that more studies were conducted to explore the facilitators of unwanted adolescent pregnancy in comparison with inhibitors. Shortage of knowledge and information among adolescents plays a major role in unwanted adolescent pregnancy. However, a definitive judgment on the contribution of each factor to unwanted adolescent pregnancy requires further in-depth studies.
https://ebcj.mums.ac.ir/article_9163_429112d93f0638e5f702f98807f316b1.pdf
2017-07-01
59
70
10.22038/ebcj.2017.25048.1556
Adolescents
Inhibitors
Facilitators
Sexual relations
Unwanted pregnancy
Farzaneh
Rashidi Fakari
1
PhD Student of Reproductive Health, Students Research Committee, Department of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Masoumeh
Simbar
2
Professor, Midwifery and Reproductive Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Vida
Ghasemi
ghasemivida@gmail.com
3
PhD Student of Reproductive Health, Students Research Committee, Department of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Marzieh
Saei Gharenaz
4
PhD Student of Reproductive Health, Students Research Committee, Department of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Hamilton BE, Martin JA, Osterman MJ, Curtin SC. Births: final data for 2014. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics; 2015.
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Dargahi S, Ayadi N, shakarami M, Ghasemzade A. Relationship between parental monitoring and companionship with delinquent peers in high risk behaviors of single-parent adolescents. J Health Breeze. 2014;4(2):1-8 (Persian).
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Zarei E. Relationship between parent child– rearing practices and high risk behavior on basis of cloninger's scale. SSU J. 2010;18(3):220-4.
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Izugbara C. Socio-demographic risk factors for unintended pregnancy among unmarried adolescent Nigerian girls: research. South Afr Fam Pract. 2015;57(2):121-5.
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Simbar M. Adolescent reproductive health. Tehran: Golban Nashr; 2014 (Persian).
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Owens EW, Behun RJ, Manning JC, Reid RC. The impact of internet pornography on adolescents: a review of the research. Sex Addict Compulsivity. 2012;19(1-2):99-122.
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Connery HS, Albright BB, Rodolico JM. Adolescent substance use and unplanned pregnancy: strategies for risk reduction. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am. 2014;41(2):191-203.v
57
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Herbal Medicine and Vaginal Candidiasis in Iran: A Review
Candidiasis is the second most common vaginal infection. Given the frequent recurrence of the disease, many women tend to use herbal remedies. Thus, the present study aimed to review the association between vaginal candidiasis and herbal medicines in Iran. In this review, we retrieved articles published from 2001 to 2016. Then, the results were expressed both quantitatively and qualitatively. In this study, nine articles were reviewed, which had investigated thyme, garlic, garlic-thyme, olive oil, propolis, myrtus, Nigella sativa (black cumin), and Bunium perscicum boiss (black zira). Subsequently, each of these plants was thoroughly dealt with. The studies on black cumin, garlic, and thyme reported positive effects for these herbs, and they were widely produced for therapeutic purposes. In addition, myrtus was found to have a salutary impact on vaginal candidiasis.
https://ebcj.mums.ac.ir/article_9151_79ca97963bc00bcd4a3bdbffc58971d3.pdf
2017-07-01
71
77
10.22038/ebcj.2017.23002.1501
Iran
Herbal Medicine
vaginal Candidiasis
Sedigheh
Sheidaei
sheidaeis931@mums.ac.ir
1
MSc Student, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Tahereh
Sadeghi
sadeghit@mums.ac.ir
2
Assistant Professor of Pediatric Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Farzaneh
Jafarnejad
jafarnejadf@mums.ac.ir
3
Lecturer, Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Omid
Rajabi
rajabio@mums.ac.ir
4
Associate professor Department of Drug control, School of pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
MohammadJavad
Najafzadeh
najafzadehmj@mums.ac.ir
5
Associate professor of Medical Mycology, Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
1. Johnson E, Berwald N. Evidence-based emergency medicine/rational clinical examination abstract. Diagnostic utility of physical examination, history, and laboratory evaluation in emergency department patients with vaginal complaints. Ann Emerg Med. 2008;52(3):294-7.
1
2. Akbarzadeh M, Bonyadpoure B, Pacshir K. Causes and clinical symptoms of vaginal candidiasis in patients referring to selective clinics of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences (2009). Arak Med Univ J. 2010;13(3):12-20.
2
3. Vacheva-Dobrevski R, Kovachev S, Nacheva A, Stoev S, Vasilev N. Comparative study of itraconazole and fluconazole therapy in vaginal candidosis. Akush Ginekol. 2003;43(1):20-3.
3
4. Goode MA, Grauer K, Gums JG. Infectious vaginitis. Selecting therapy and preventing recurrence. Postgrad Med. 1994;96(6):85-8.
4
5. Fadda A, Mulas M. Chemical changes during myrtle (Myrtus communis L.) fruit development and ripening. Sci Horticul. 2010;125(3):477-85.
5
6. Guaschino S, De Seta F, Sartore A, Ricci G, De Santo D, Piccoli M, et al. Efficacy of maintenance therapy with topical boric acid in comparison with oral itraconazole in the treatment of recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2001;184(4):598-602.
6
7. Ernst E. The efficacy of herbal medicine–an overview. Fundam Clin Pharmacol. 2005;19(4):405-9.
7
8. Jadad AR, Moore RA, Carroll D, Jenkinson C, Reynolds DJ, Gavaghan DJ, et al. Assessing the quality of reports of randomized clinical trials: is blinding necessary? Control Clin Trials. 1996;17(1):1-12.
8
9. Fard FA, Zahrani ST, Bagheban AA, Mojab F. Therapeutic effects of nigella sativa linn (Black Cumin) on Candida albicans vaginitis. Arch Clin Infect Dis. 2015;10(1):e22991.
9
10. Fouladi Z, Afshari P, Gharibi T, Dabbagh MA. The comparison oF Zataria multiflora boiss (Avishan Shirazi) and Clotrimazol vaginal cream in the treatment of candidiasis vaginitis. Iran South Med J. 2009;12(3):214-24 (Persian).
10
11. Farshbaf-Khalili A, Mohammadi-Ghalehbin B, Shahnazi M, Asghari S, Javadzadeh Y, Azghani P. Comparing the effect of garlic, zataria multiflora and clotrimazole vaginal cream 2% on improvement of fungal vaginitis: a randomized controlled trial. Iran Red Crescent Med J. 2016;18(12):e29262.
11
12. Kordi M, Jahangiri N, Rakhshandeh H, Gholami H. Comparison of the effect of garlic extract vaginal douche and clotrimazol vaginal cream in the treatment of women with vaginal candidiasis. Iran J Obestet Gynecol Infertil. 2005;8(2):33-40 (Persian).
12
13. Bahadoran P, Rokni FK, Fahami F. Investigating the therapeutic effect of vaginal cream containing garlic and thyme compared to clotrimazole cream for the treatment of mycotic vaginitis. Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res. 2011;15(Suppl 1):343-9.
13
14. Mousavi MS, Keshavarz T, Montaseri H, Pakshir K, Yazdani M, Zare N, et al. A comparative study on the therapeutic effect of the propolis vaginal cream and clotrimazol on candida vulvovaginitis in reproductive aged women. J Isfahan Med Sch. 2010;28(117):1099-107 (Persian).
14
15. Roozbahani F, Kariman N, Mojab F, Nasiri M. Effect of Myrtus communis capsule on vaginal candidiasis treatment. Pejouhandeh J. 2013;18(5):242-9 (Persian).
15
16. Janani F, Akbari S, Delfan B, Tolabi T, Ebrahimzadeh F, Motamedi M. A comparative study of effect of myrtus vaginal cream and clotrimazol vaginal cream in the treatment of vaginal candidiasis. Yafteh. 2010;13(1):32-41 (Persian).
16
17. Mehni S, Tork Zahrani S, Taheri Sarvtin M, Mojab F, Mirzaei M, Vazirnasab H. Therapeutic effects of bunium perscicum boiss(Black Zira) on candida albicans vaginitis. Biom Pharmacol J. 2015;8(2):1103-9.
17
18. Sovizi B. Coparison of the effect of Nigella Sativa suppository whit clotrimazol vaginal tablet in treatment of vaginal candidiasis. [Master Thesis]. Iran: Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; 2007 (Persian).
18
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Comparative Study of the Relationship between Spiritual Well-being and Sense of Coherence in Mothers with Chronically Ill Children in Kerman, Iran, in 2016
This study aimed to investigate the relationship between spiritual well-being and sense of coherence in the mothers having children with chronic diseases. To this end, a controlled cross-sectional evaluation was conducted on 300 mothers, divided into two groups of 150 cases with healthy and chronically ill children in the city of Kerman, Iran, in 2016. The data were collected using the Platosin and Alison's Spiritual Wellbeing Scale and Atonovesky’s Sense of Coherence Scale. The mean ages of the mothers with healthy children and those with chronically ill children were 36.1±4.6 and 37.7±6.2 years, respectively. The linear regression analysis showed that by controlling the effect of the groups (i.e., the mother with a healthy or chronically ill child), the spiritual well-being score had a significant impact on the sense of coherence (P=0.001). It was concluded that the promotion of spiritual well-being, especially existential well-being, could potentially develop the sense of coherence in the mothers with chronically ill children by helping them better control the diseases of their children.
https://ebcj.mums.ac.ir/article_9051_d3fa2fcfeb1ca53a266ae02844407161.pdf
2017-07-01
78
83
10.22038/ebcj.2017.22985.1500
Children
chronic disease
mothers
Sense of coherence
Spiritual well-being
Nosrat
Avaznejad
nosratavaznejad@gmail.com
1
MSc in Nursing, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Afzalipour Hospital, Kerman, Iran
AUTHOR
Maryam
Ravanipour
ravanipour@bpums.ac.ir
2
Associate Professor of Nursing, Persian Gulf Tropical Medicine Research Center, Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Niloofar
Motamed
motamedn@bpums.ac.ir
3
Associate Professor, Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
AUTHOR
Masoud
Bahreini
msdbahreini@yahoo.com
4
Associate Professor of Nursing, Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
AUTHOR
Marcdante K, Kliegman RM. Nelson essentials of pediatrics. New York: Elsevier Health Sciences; 2014.
1
Allen D, Marshall ES. Spirituality as a coping resource for African American parents of chronically ill children. MCN Am J Matern Child Nurs. 2010;35(4):232-7.
2
Hovey JK. Fathers parenting chronically ill children: concerns and coping strategies. Issues Compr Pediatr Nurs 2005;28(2):83-95.
3
Vadadahir A, Sadati M, Ahmadi B. Women's health from the perspective of health magazines in Iran. Women Res. 2008;6(2):133-55.
4
Bidgoli MS, Kebriaei A, Moosavi SG. Quality gap of family health care services in Kashan health centers: an iranian viewpoint. Int Lett Soc Humanist Sci. 2016;70:14-20.
5
Ahmadi B, Farzadi F, Alimohammadian M. Women's health in Iran: issues and challenges. Payesh. 2012;11(1):127-37 (Persian).
6
Antonovsky A. Unraveling the mystery of health: how people manage stress and stay well. Canada: Jossey-Bass; 1987.
7
Antonovsky A. The structure and properties of the sense of coherence scale. Soc Sci Med. 1993;36(6):725-33.
8
Delgado C. Sense of coherence, spirituality, stress and quality of life in chronic illness. J Nurs Scholarsh. 2007;39(3):229-34.
9
Bergh I, Björk M. Sense of coherence over time for parents with a child diagnosed with cancer. BMC Pediatr. 2012;12(1):79.
10
Hardy A. The association between sense of coherence, emotional intelligence and health behaviour. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Pretoria, South Africa: University of Pretoria; 2005.
11
Burkhardt MA, Nagai-Jacobson MG. Spirituality: Living our connectedness. Massachusetts: Cengage Learning; 2002.
12
Ruth F, Craven H. Fundamentals of nursing. Human health and function. 4th ed Philadelphia: Lippincott Comp; 2003.
13
Taghavi Larijani T, Sharifi ND, Mehran AB, Nazari SH. Level of coping with stressors in parents of epileptic children. J Hayat. 2006;12(2):63-71 (Persian).
14
Ramezani M, Ahmadi F, Mohammadi E. Spirituality in contemporary paradigms: an integrative review. Evid Based Care. 2016;6(2):7-18.
15
Major DA. Utilizing role theory to help employed parents cope with children’s chronic illness. Health Educ Res. 2003;18(1):45-57.
16
Alipour A, Sharif N. Validity and reliability of the Sense of Coherence (SOC) questionnaire in university students. Pajoohandeh J. 2012;17(1):50-6.
17
Rezaei M, Adib-Hajbaghery M, Seyedfatemi N, Hoseini F. Prayer in Iranian cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2008;14(2):90-7.
18
Baljani E, Khashabi J, Amanpour E, Azimi N. Relationship between spiritual well-being, religion, and hope among patients with cancer. J Hayat. 2011;17(2):27-37 (Persian).v
19