@article { author = {Sargolzaei, Khadijeh and Shaghaee Fallah, Maryam and Aghebati, Nahid and Esmaily, Habibollah and Farzadfard, MohammadTaghi}, title = {Effect of a Structured Sensory Stimulation Program on the Sensory Function of Patients with Stroke-induced Disorder of Consciousness}, journal = {Evidence Based Care}, volume = {7}, number = {2}, pages = {7-16}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Mashhad University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2008-2487}, eissn = {2008-370X}, doi = {10.22038/ebcj.2017.23807.1505}, abstract = {Background: About 50% of stroke patients suffer from the disorder of consciousness with such adverse effects as sensory deprivation. The provision of a care program consisting of simple and safe stimulations can prevent sensory deprivation and improve the patient’s sensory function. Aim: This study aimed to determine the effect of structured sensory stimulation program on the sensory function of the patients with stroke-induced disorder of consciousness. Method: This randomized clinical trial was conducted on 80 patients with stroke-induced disorder of consciousness admitted to the Intensive Care Unit and Emergency Department of Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad, Iran, in 2016. The participants were randomly assigned into two groups of control and intervention. The patients in the intervention group were subjected to a sensory stimulation program consisting of auditory, visual, olfactory, gustatory, tactile, and motor stimulations for 14 consecutive days. The sensory function was measured every day before and after the intervention using the Sensory Modality Assessment and Rehabilitation Technique (SMART) instrument. On the other hand, the control group received the routine care. The data were analyzed in the SPSS version 11.5 using the Mann-Whitney test, Chi-square test, and independent t-test. Results: According to the results, the patients in the intervention and control groups had the mean ages of 66.2±8.9 and 63.8±10.8, respectively. The pre-intervention SMART scores of the two groups were homogenous (P=0.23). However, the independent t-test showed that the final SMART score was significantly higher (P<0.001) in the intervention group (25.1±6.6) than that in the control group (15.5±3.9). Implications for Practice: As the findings of the study indicated, sensory stimulation with simple and accessible stimuli in the course of therapeutic programs could improve the sensory function of the stroke patients with the disorder of consciousness and prevent sensory deprivation}, keywords = {Keywords: consciousness,sensation,sensory stimulation,Stroke}, url = {https://ebcj.mums.ac.ir/article_9086.html}, eprint = {https://ebcj.mums.ac.ir/article_9086_d05841f7a6adcf5f36eeb5e6e8db6e51.pdf} } @article { author = {zamani, maryam and Latifnejad Roudsari, Robab and Moradi, Maryam and Esmaily, Habibollah}, title = {Effect of Sexual Counseling on Stress, Anxiety, and Depression in Women during Postpartum Period}, journal = {Evidence Based Care}, volume = {7}, number = {2}, pages = {17-26}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Mashhad University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2008-2487}, eissn = {2008-370X}, doi = {10.22038/ebcj.2017.24244.1525}, abstract = {Background: Sexual dysfunction can lead to anxiety and depression. Failure to have sexual counseling during postpartum period is one of the issues that could affect sexual dysfunction within this period. Aim: This study aimed to investigate the effect of sexual counseling on stress, anxiety, and depression in women during postpartum period. Method: This single-blind randomized clinical trial was conducted on 75 postpartum women within the age range of 18-35 years, referring to four health centers of Mashhad, Iran, in 2016. The data were collected using the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21. The intervention included four 60 to 90-minute sessions of sexual counseling, performed within eight weeks. The control group received the routine care. The questionnaires were completed eight weeks after the end of the intervention. The data were analyzed by SPSS version 16 using the independent t-test and Mann-Whitney U test. Results: The mean ages of the participants were 29.5±4.3 and 29.4±4.2 years in the intervention and control groups, respectively. The results of the Independent t-test, showed the mean stress score was significantly lower in intervention group (P = 0.04) and Mann-Whitney test, showed a significant decrease in the mean anxiety (P=0.01) and depression (P=0.003) scores, in intervention group compared to the control group 8 weeks after the intervention. Implications for Practice: Sexual counseling can be helpful to decrease stress, anxiety, and depression in the women suffering from sexual problems during postpartum period.}, keywords = {Anxiety,Depression,Postpartum,Sexual counseling,stress}, url = {https://ebcj.mums.ac.ir/article_9125.html}, eprint = {https://ebcj.mums.ac.ir/article_9125_544bcdd3e1f87d3b796ae17f6be8d8c8.pdf} } @article { author = {behrouz, Shohre and Mazlom, Seyed Reza and Kooshiar, Hadi and Aghebati, Nahid and Asgharipour, Negar and Behnam, Hamidreza}, title = {Investigating the Effect of Humor Therapy on Chronic Pain in the Elderly Living in Nursing Homes in Mashhad, Iran}, journal = {Evidence Based Care}, volume = {7}, number = {2}, pages = {27-36}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Mashhad University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2008-2487}, eissn = {2008-370X}, doi = {10.22038/ebcj.2017.24247.1529}, abstract = {Background: The prevalence of chronic pains in the elderly residing in nursing homes is high, which can bring about social isolation, depression, incidence of disabilities, as well as increased costs. Given the risks, medication therapy is not used for the elderly, and non-pharmaceutical methods, such as humor therapy as one of the complementary medicine techniques using thought distraction, have been advocated. Aim: This study aimed to determine the effect of humor therapy on pain intensity in the elderly living in nursing homes in Mashhad, Iran. Method: This two-group, randomized, controlled clinical trial was conducted on two groups of intervention (28 individuals) and control (27 individuals) at two similar nursing homes in Mashhad, Iran, 2016. Humor therapy was performed during six 60-minute sessions (once per week) using humorous methods such as video clip displays, games, music plays, as well as telling funny jokes. Then, pain intensity was measured via the Modified German Version of the Brief Pain Inventory before the study and after the 3rd and 6th sessions of humor therapy. Finally, the data was analyzed using Mann-Whitney U test in SPSS, version 22. Results: The mean ages of the participants in the control and intervention groups were 73.9±4.3 and 73.9±5.8 years, respectively. The results of the Mann-Whitney U test also showed that pain intensity before the study in both groups was homogenous (P=0.15). Moreover, the mean scores of the highest, lowest, and moderate pain intensity after the 3rd (P<0.001) and 6th sessions (P<0.001) of humor therapy were significantly lower in the intervention group than those in the control group. Implications for Practice: In this study, humor therapy was recognized as an effective nursing intervention influencing geriatric pain intensity that could be employed to reduce pain in this age group. }, keywords = {Chronic pain,Humor therapy,pain intensity,The elderly}, url = {https://ebcj.mums.ac.ir/article_9145.html}, eprint = {https://ebcj.mums.ac.ir/article_9145_67accd0b4ac85fbdbcf3d35ef2860072.pdf} } @article { author = {Akhond, Majid and Froutan, Razieh and Malekzadeh, Javad and Mazlom, Seyed Reza}, title = {The Effect of Implementation of a Pain Monitoring Protocol on the Pain Intensity in the Intensive Care Unit Semiconscious Patients}, journal = {Evidence Based Care}, volume = {7}, number = {2}, pages = {37-45}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Mashhad University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2008-2487}, eissn = {2008-370X}, doi = {10.22038/ebcj.2017.23797.1504}, abstract = {Background: Neglecting the pain assessment in intensive care unit (ICU) patients with decreased level of consciousness (LOC) can lead to inappropriate pain management. Implementation of a pain management protocol may contribute to avoiding such negligence. Aim: This study aimed to determine the effect of using a pain monitoring protocol on the pain intensity of ICU patients with decreased LOC. Method: This clinical trial was conducted on 60 nurses and 120 patients in the surgical ICUs of Imam Reza and Ghaem hospitals, Mashhad, Iran, 2016. The nurses in the intervention group were trained about pain management protocol in three 20-minute sessions (each session for 10 nurses). Before and after two weeks of training, the patients' pain intensity was monitored using the Nonverbal Pain Scale (NVPS) for three months during the resting-state, suctioning, and dressing change. The patients in the control group received routine nursery care. Data analysis was performed using independent and paired t-tests in the SPSS software version 22. Results: The nurses in the intervention and control groups had a mean age of 38.1±6.4 and 41.2±7.1 years, respectively. The results of independent t-test demonstrated no difference between overall pain intensity (P=0.08), pain intensity during resting-state (P=0.11), suctioning (P=0.23), and dressing change (P=0.06) scores among two groups before the intervention, however after the intervention, there was a significant reduction in the intervention group in comparison to the control group in all mentioned aspects (P<0.001) Implications for Practice: It was found that a satisfactory prediction of pain intensity during resting-state and painful procedures is obtained by using a pain management protocol, which enables the nurses to address the underlying causes of the pain and provide the necessary cares. }, keywords = {Decreased consciousness,ICU,pain intensity,Pain management}, url = {https://ebcj.mums.ac.ir/article_9138.html}, eprint = {https://ebcj.mums.ac.ir/article_9138_c0fc787bfdafc9dd1c5d821aca5bff95.pdf} } @article { author = {Hajiabadi, Fatemeh and Heydari, Abbas and Manzari, Zahra Sadat}, title = {The Elixir of Visiting: A Qualitative Study on the Experiences of Conscious Mechanically Ventilated Patients in Intensive Care Units Regarding Visiting Family Members}, journal = {Evidence Based Care}, volume = {7}, number = {2}, pages = {46-58}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Mashhad University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2008-2487}, eissn = {2008-370X}, doi = {10.22038/ebcj.2017.25177.1560}, abstract = {Background: Visiting family members is one of the basic human needs; however, there is contradictory evidence about the advantages and disadvantages of the existing visiting systems.  Therefore, the investigation of patients’ preferences for the visiting strategies, and achievement of their authentic experiences can significantly contribute to decision-making about the type of acceptable and approved policies in this domain. Aim: The aim of this study was to explain the experiences of conscious patients undergoing mechanical ventilation in Intensive Care Units regarding their visits with their family members. Method: This qualitative study was conducted on 15 conscious mechanically ventilated patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit in Iran in 2017. The data were collected using semi-structured interviews and observations. The sampling was performed through purposive sampling technique, which was continued until data saturation to select the individuals with rich experiences about the subject under investigation. The data were analyzed through the conventional type of qualitative content analysis. Results: Out of the initial 385 codes, 11 subthemes and 5 main themes were extracted during the analysis process, all of which were placed under the general concept of “the elixir of visiting”. The five main themes included visiting as a healing agent, visiting as an agent for the enhancement of perceived support, visiting as an agent for gaining hope, visiting as the patient’s urgent need, and preference for planed visiting. Implications for Practice: The results of the present study showed that visiting was like an elixir for the conscious patients undergoing mechanical ventilation in the Intensive Care Units. This practice could allay lots of their pains and lead to numerous valuable effects, such as elimination of loneliness and sadness, increased hope for survival and recovery, and enhancement of a sense of support. Therefore, nursing authorities and managers are required to take steps in terms of redefining visiting rules and regulations in line with patients’ preferences, and thereby move towards the promotion of patient care.}, keywords = {Intensive Care Unit,Conscious patients undergoing mechanical ventilation,Visiting family members}, url = {https://ebcj.mums.ac.ir/article_9148.html}, eprint = {https://ebcj.mums.ac.ir/article_9148_639a330472128ad8f6f41babb62a5685.pdf} } @article { author = {Rashidi Fakari, Farzaneh and Simbar, Masoumeh and Ghasemi, Vida and Saei Gharenaz, Marzieh}, title = {Inhibitors and Facilitators of Unwanted Adolescent Pregnancy in Iran and the World: A Review}, journal = {Evidence Based Care}, volume = {7}, number = {2}, pages = {59-70}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Mashhad University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2008-2487}, eissn = {2008-370X}, doi = {10.22038/ebcj.2017.25048.1556}, abstract = {Background: Approximately 16 million adolescent girls aged 15 to 19 years and 1 million teenage girls less than 15 years of age become pregnant worldwide annually, and the majority of these pregnancies are unintended. Unwanted adolescent pregnancy coupled with impaired and inadequate physical and mental health can lead to slow progression of the community and the short- and long-term negative consequences. Aim: This study aimed to investigate the inhibitors and facilitators of unwanted adolescent pregnancy in Iran and across the globe. Method: The current narrative review was conducted using the keywords of "pregnancy", "unwanted", and "adolescent" in both Persian and English articles published from 2000 to 2016. The searched databases included Google Scholar, PubMed, Elsevier, Scopus, ProQuest, Irandoc, Scientific Information Database (SID), and Magiran. Results: Twenty-nine articles related to the study objectives were selected. Our investigations indicated that the inhibitors of unwanted adolescent pregnancy could be classified into four main categories of abstinence, religious beliefs, adolescent employment program, and parent-adolescent relationship. Further, the facilitators of unwanted adolescent pregnancy were categorized into eight categories of pornography on the Internet and media, peer pressure, lack of knowledge and information, drug and alcohol abuse, violence, adherence to fashion in clothing, economic and income status and family structure. Implications for Practice: The findings of this review revealed that more studies were conducted to explore the facilitators of unwanted adolescent pregnancy in comparison with inhibitors. Shortage of knowledge and information among adolescents plays a major role in unwanted adolescent pregnancy. However, a definitive judgment on the contribution of each factor to unwanted adolescent pregnancy requires further in-depth studies.}, keywords = {Adolescents,Inhibitors,Facilitators,Sexual relations,Unwanted pregnancy}, url = {https://ebcj.mums.ac.ir/article_9163.html}, eprint = {https://ebcj.mums.ac.ir/article_9163_429112d93f0638e5f702f98807f316b1.pdf} } @article { author = {Sheidaei, Sedigheh and Sadeghi, Tahereh and Jafarnejad, Farzaneh and Rajabi, Omid and Najafzadeh, MohammadJavad}, title = {Herbal Medicine and Vaginal Candidiasis in Iran: A Review}, journal = {Evidence Based Care}, volume = {7}, number = {2}, pages = {71-77}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Mashhad University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2008-2487}, eissn = {2008-370X}, doi = {10.22038/ebcj.2017.23002.1501}, abstract = {Candidiasis is the second most common vaginal infection. Given the frequent recurrence of the disease, many women tend to use herbal remedies. Thus, the present study aimed to review the association between vaginal candidiasis and herbal medicines in Iran. In this review, we retrieved articles published from 2001 to 2016. Then, the results were expressed both quantitatively and qualitatively. In this study, nine articles were reviewed, which had investigated thyme, garlic, garlic-thyme, olive oil, propolis, myrtus, Nigella sativa (black cumin), and Bunium perscicum boiss (black zira). Subsequently, each of these plants was thoroughly dealt with. The studies on black cumin, garlic, and thyme reported positive effects for these herbs, and they were widely produced for therapeutic purposes. In addition, myrtus was found to have a salutary impact on vaginal candidiasis.}, keywords = {Iran,Herbal Medicine,vaginal Candidiasis}, url = {https://ebcj.mums.ac.ir/article_9151.html}, eprint = {https://ebcj.mums.ac.ir/article_9151_79ca97963bc00bcd4a3bdbffc58971d3.pdf} } @article { author = {Avaznejad, Nosrat and Ravanipour, Maryam and Motamed, Niloofar and Bahreini, Masoud}, title = {Comparative Study of the Relationship between Spiritual Well-being and Sense of Coherence in Mothers with Chronically Ill Children in Kerman, Iran, in 2016}, journal = {Evidence Based Care}, volume = {7}, number = {2}, pages = {78-83}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Mashhad University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2008-2487}, eissn = {2008-370X}, doi = {10.22038/ebcj.2017.22985.1500}, abstract = {This study aimed to investigate the relationship between spiritual well-being and sense of coherence in the mothers having children with chronic diseases. To this end, a controlled cross-sectional evaluation was conducted on 300 mothers, divided into two groups of 150 cases with healthy and chronically ill children in the city of Kerman, Iran, in 2016. The data were collected using the Platosin and Alison's Spiritual Wellbeing Scale and Atonovesky’s Sense of Coherence Scale. The mean ages of the mothers with healthy children and those with chronically ill children were 36.1±4.6 and 37.7±6.2 years, respectively. The linear regression analysis showed that by controlling the effect of the groups (i.e., the mother with a healthy or chronically ill child), the spiritual well-being score had a significant impact on the sense of coherence (P=0.001). It was concluded that the promotion of spiritual well-being, especially existential well-being, could potentially develop the sense of coherence in the mothers with chronically ill children by helping them better control the diseases of their children. }, keywords = {Children,chronic disease,mothers,Sense of coherence,Spiritual well-being}, url = {https://ebcj.mums.ac.ir/article_9051.html}, eprint = {https://ebcj.mums.ac.ir/article_9051_d3fa2fcfeb1ca53a266ae02844407161.pdf} }