ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
A survey on nurses’ perception of the importance of caring behaviors and factors affecting its provision
Background: Caring is the essence of nursing practice, but has been understood in various countries in a different way. Analysis of nurses’ perception of caring behaviors provides the possibility to nursing teachers and administrators to be able to plan a program to meet all the patients’ needs with an inclusive view. Aim: to determine nurses’ perception about caring behaviors and the factors that may affect those behaviors. Method: In this cross- sectional study, 189 Registered Nurses who were selected through Quota sampling from four teaching hospitals of Urmia city were included. Data Collection was carried out using a self-structured three-part questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive tests and multivariate linear regression analysis with SPSS version 16. Results: The highest caring behavior score was related to writing nursing reports and the lowest score to the helping to patients in their physical activity in daily life. Multivariate regression analysis showed that the sense of responsibility towards patients, sense of personal achievement due to nursing profession, belief in delivering high quality care and personal problems of nurses explained the variance in caring behaviors. Conclusion: In order to consider all the patients’ needs, social - emotional aspects of caring is needed to be more emphasized in nursing education and planning. To highlight moral issues, creating moral and enhancing counseling services can lead to increased sense of responsibility, promoted professional ethics and self efficacy which itself resulted in decreased nurses’ personal problems.
https://ebcj.mums.ac.ir/article_377_d66affb0339f3229ab6bb3bbc5eaa60e.pdf
2012-04-01
13
21
10.22038/ebcj.2012.377
care behaviors
nurses’ perception
effective care
Esfandiar
Baljani
baljani1@yahoo.com
1
Faculty of Nursing, Islamic Azad university, Uremia Branch, Uremia, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Neda
Azimi
2
MSc in Nursing, Islamic Azad university, Uremia, Iran
AUTHOR
Abdollah
Hosseinloo
3
RN, MS of Physiology, Supervisor in Imam Khomeini Hospital, Uremia, Iran
AUTHOR
References
1
1. Swanson K. Empirical development of a middle rang theory of caring. NR.1999; 140 (3):161-6
2
2. Khademian Z,Vizeshfar F. Nursing student’s perceptions of the importance of caring behaviors. JAN. 2007; 61(4):456-62 (Persian)
3
3. Murphy F, Jones S, Edwards M, James TL. The impact of nurse education on the caring behaviors of nursing students. NET.2009; 29:254- 64
4
4. Watson J, Smith MC. Caring science and the science of unitary human beings: a trans- theoretical discourse for nursing knowledge development. JAN. 2002; 37(5):452-61.
5
5. Karaoz S. Turkish nursing students’ perception of caring.NET. 2005; 25: 31–40
6
6. Brilowski GA, Wendle MC. An evolutionary concept analysis of caring. JAN. 2005; 50(6): 641–50
7
7. Wolf ZR, Colahan M, Costello A, Warwick F, Ambrose MS, Giardino ER. Relationship between nursing care and patient satisfaction. MSN.1998; 6(2):99-105
8
8. Day RA, Field PA, Campbell IE, Reutter L. Students evolving beliefs about nursing: From entry to graduation in a four- year baccalaureate program. NET.2005; 25: 636–43
9
9. Wilkes LM, Wallis MC. A model of professional nurse caring: nursing students’ experience. JAN.1998; 27: 582–9
10
10. Farmer E. The older person. In:Schofield I, Tolson D, Arthur D, Davies S, Nolan M. An exploration of the caring attributes and perceptions pf work place change among gerontological nursing staff in England, Scotland and China (Hong kong). IJNS.2005; 42: 197-209
11
11. Dowlind M. The meaning of nurse–patient intimacy in oncology care settings: From the nurse and patient perspective. EJON.2008; 12(4):319- 28
12
12. Dingwall R, Allen D. The implications of healthcare reforms for the profession of nursing. NI.2001; 8(2):64–74
13
13. Foruzi MA, Alizadeh SM, Nuhie E, Nikian Y. Comparison of the importance of caring behaviors as perceived by nurses and patients. JKUMS.1994; 1:181-8.
14
14. Watson R, Lea HA, Rumeu C, Beunza M, Barbarin B, MacDonald J etal. Differences and similarities in the perception of caring between Spanish and UK nurses. JCN.2003; 12: 85- 92
15
15. Schofield I, Tolson D, Arthur D, Davies S, Nolan M. An exploration of the caring attributes and perceptions of work place change among gerontological nursing staff in England, Scotland and China (Hong kong). IJNS.2005; 42: 197-209
16
16. Takase M, MaudeP, Manias E. Impact of the perceived public image of nursing onnurses’ work behavior. JAN.2006; 53(3): 333–43
17
17. Patistea E. Nurse’s perceptions of caring as documented theory and research. JCN.1999; 8(5): 487– 95
18
18. Oconnel E, Landers M. The importance of critical care nurse,s caring behaviours as perceived by nurses and relatives. ICCN.2008; 24:349-58.
19
19. Watson R, Lea A. The caring dimension inventory (CDI): content validity, reliability and scaling. JAN.1997;25: 87- 94
20
20. Lee A, Watson R, Deary IJ. Caring in nursing: A multivariate analysis. JAN.1998; 28(3);662-71
21
21. Rafii F, Oskouie F, Nikravesh M. Caring behaviors of burn nurses and the related factors. JISBI.2007; 33: 299 – 305 (Persian)
22
22. Oskouie FH, Rafii F, Nikravesh M. Major Determinants of caring behavior. HHPR.2006; 7: 6-16
23
23. McCance T, Slater P, McCormack B. Using the caring dimensions inventory as an indicator of person-centered nursing, JCN.2008;18: 409–17
24
24. Smith MK, Sullivan JM. Nurses’ and patients’ perceptions of most important behaviors in a long-term care setting. GN.1997; 18(2): 70–3
25
25. Greenhalgh J,VanhanenV, Kyngas H. Nurse caring behaviors. JAN.1998; 27(5): 927–32.
26
26. Brunton B, Beaman M. Nurse Practitioners’ perceptions of their caring behaviors. JAANP. 2001; 2(11): 451–6.
27
27. Larsson G, Windmark PV, Lampic C, Essen LV, Sjoden PO. Cancer patient and staff ratings of importance of caring behaviors and their relations to patient anxiety and depression. JAN.1998; 27(4): 855–64
28
28. Mary ET, Sandra L. Traditional Models of Care Delivery: What Have We Learned? JNA.2004; 34(6): 291-7
29
29. Essen Lv, Sjoden PO. The importance of nurse caring behaviors as perceived by Swedish hospital patients and nursing staff. IJNS.2003; 40: 487–97.
30
30. Herdman E. challenging the discourses of nursing ageism. IJNS.2002; 39: 105-14
31
31. Foong AL, Rossiter JC. Socio- cultural perspectives on the image of nursing: the Hong Kong dimension.JAN.1999; 29: 542- 8
32
32. Salami T, Karimi H, Shahbazi L, Dehganpoor H, Hafezieh A et al. Evaluation of clinical senior nursing student’s skills in intensive care units. JYMSHSSS.2005; 13(3):60-6 (Persian)
33
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Comparing the effect of pure and impure honey on severity of pain, amount of bleeding, and duration and interval of menstrual cycles in female students with primary dysmenorrhea
Background: Dysmenorrhea is a common problem especially in young women that can have adverse effects on quality of life. Aim: to investigated the effect of pure and impure honey on severity of pain, amount of bleeding, and duration and interval of menstrual cycles in female students with primary dysmenorrhea Method: The current study was a single-blind crossover design which was carried out on 60 female students with primary dysmenorrhea. After menstrual initiation, one group took pure honey until next menstrual period and after a 10 day wash-out period started to take impure honey till the initiation of the subsequent menstrual cycle Then dysmenorrhea was assessed using Visual Analgesic Scale (VAS). The similar process was performed by impure honey in the second group. The effects of pure and impure honey were measured on severity of pain, amount of bleeding, duration and interval of menstrual periods in two groups. Data were analyzed Using SPSS software (v. 14) by AONAVA test. Results: A significant difference was observed in the severity of pain following taking pure honey in group one (p=0.002). However, this difference was not significant in this group following taking impure honey (p=0.4). In the second group, similarly, significant difference was found in severity of pain after taking pure honey (p=0.004). Conclusion: Pure honey consumption in women, who suffer from primary dysmenorrhea, reduces significantly the severity of pain and amount of bleeding. It can be considered as an alternative treatment approach in affected women.
https://ebcj.mums.ac.ir/article_379_90ed35c7fdfcd2837a9a55141028a92a.pdf
2012-04-01
23
33
10.22038/ebcj.2012.379
Menstruation
Primary dysmenorrhea
Honey
Students
Bleeding
Neda
Mirbagher Ajorpaz
mirbagher_n@kaums.ac.ir
1
Faculty member, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mahboobeh
Hafezi
2
MSc student in Psychiatric Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
AUTHOR
Somayeh
Salehi
3
MSc student in Psychiatric Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
AUTHOR
Atefeh
Tayebi
4
MSc student in Psychiatric Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
AUTHOR
Faezeh
Shenasa
5
MSc student in Psychiatric Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
AUTHOR
Samira
Zahtabchi
6
MSc student in Psychiatric Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
AUTHOR
1.Avasarala AK, Panchangam S. Dysmenorrhoea in different settings: are the rural and urban adolescent girls perceiving
1
and managing the dysmenorrhoea problem differently. Indian J Community Med. 2008 Oct;33(4):246-9.
2
2.Lira Plascencia J, Simon Pereira LA, Amor Calleja L, García Lara E, Ibarra Chavarría V, Grosso Espinoza JM
3
& etal.Clinical practice guidelines. Diagnosis and treatment of primary dysmenorrhea in teenagers.Ginecol Obstet
4
Mex. 2009 Aug; 77(8): 211-29.
5
3. Wong LP, Khoo EM. Dysmenorrhea in a multiethnic population of adolescent Asian girls. Int J Gynaecol Obstet.
6
2010 Feb;108(2):139-42.
7
4. Ortiz MI, Rangel-Flores E, Carrillo-Alarcón LC, Veras-Godoy HA. Prevalence and impact of primary dysmenorrhea
8
among Mexican high school students. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2009 Dec; 107(3):240-3.
9
5. Poreeslami M , Ashtiani F. Assessing Knowledge Attitude and Behavior of adolescent girls in suburban districts
10
of Tehran about Dysmenorrhea and menestural hygiene.j-of Int.womenen studies-2002;3(2):10-1. (Persian)
11
6.Ogunfowokan AA Mrs, Babatunde OA.Management of Primary Dysmenorrhea by School Adolescents in ILEIFE,
12
Nigeria.J Sch Nurs. 2010 Apr;26(2):131-6.
13
7. Lloyd KB, Hornsby LB.Complementary and alternative medications for women's health issues.Nutr Clin Pract.
14
2009 Oct-Nov; 24(5):589-608.
15
8.Torkzahrani Sh, Akhavan-Amjadi M, Mojab F, Alavi-Majd H.Clinical effects of Foeniculum vulgare extract on
16
primary dysmenorrhea .Medical journal of reproduction and infertility 2007;1(8): 45-51.(Persian)
17
9. Hafezy A, Sanago A, Joybari L. Article abstruct of Traditional and Complementary/Alternative Medicine
18
(TCAM). In: home treatment in pain decreased in oktob village of mazandaran. 1th ed.sari: rafie Publishers;
19
2008;87.(Persian)
20
10. Iravani M. Clinical Effects of Zataria multiflora Essential Oil on Primary Dysmenorrhea.Journal of Medicinal
21
Plants 2009; 30(8): 54-60.(Persian)
22
11. Vasei N, Jahangiri K. Application of honey in treatment of surgical wound of Pilonidal Sinus: a randomized
23
clinical trial .Payesh, Journal of the Iranian Institute for Health Sciences Research 2008; 4(7): 375-8 .(Persian)
24
12. Karimi K, Solaymanzade S. Article abstruct of Traditional and Complementary/Alternative Medicine (TCAM).
25
In: treatment methods of Epidemiology of Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS). 1th ed. Sari: rafie Publishers; 2008;108-
26
9.(Persian)
27
13. Ansar Ai, Alizadeh A.M , PaknejadM , Khaniki M, Naeimi S. M.Effects of Teucrium Polium Honey on Burn
28
Wound Healing Process .Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences 2009;3(11): 7-12.(Persian)
29
14. Jamshidian M, Bahari Far A. The antibacterial effects of different kinds of honey from some parts of Iran. Urmia
30
medical Journal 2000;4(10): 255-63.(Persian)
31
15. Afaghi A, Sirati Sabet M, Sahmani M, Khabbaz F, Bigdelo A. Glycemic Index (GI) of Iran's Free Wax Honey.
32
Daneshvar, Scientific-research Journal of Shahed University 2009; 78(16): 1-4 .(Persian)
33
16. Motallebnejad M, Akram S, Moghadamnia A, Moulana Z, Omidi S. The effect of topical application of pure
34
honey on radiation-induced mucositis: a randomized clinical trial. J Contemp Dent Pract. 2008 Mar 1; 9(3):40-7.
35
17. Wolff CG. Pour Me a Gin and Tonic, Honey; It's After 5 in Paris. Prim Care Companion J Clin Psychiatry. 2001
36
Feb; 3(1):28-9.
37
18. Suhrabi Z, Tadayon M, Javadifar N. Comparison of Pressure Effect on Sanyinjiao Point with that of Ibuprofen on Primary Dysmenorrhea. Journal of Ilam University of Medical Sciences 2006; 2(14): 30-5 .(Persian)
38
19. Ostad SN, soodi M, shariffzadeh M , Khorshidi N , Marzban H. The effect of fennel essential oil on viterine contraction
39
as a model for dysmenorrhea , pharmacology and toxicology study. J Ethnopharmacol. 2000; 76:299-304.
40
20. Ozlugedik S,Genc S, Unal A, Halil Elhan A,Tezer M, Titiz A. Can postoperative pains following tonsillectomy
41
be relieved by honey? A prospective, randomized, placebo controlled preliminary study. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol.
42
2006 Nov; 70(11):1929-34.
43
21. White JW Jr. Detection of honey adulteration by carbohydrage analysis. Assoc Off Anal Chem. 1980
44
Jan;63(1):11-8.
45
22.Bertelli D, Lolli M, Papotti G, Bortolotti L, Serra G, Plessi M. Detection of honey adulteration by sugar syrups
46
using one-dimensional and two-dimensional high-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance. J Agric Food Chem. 2010
47
Aug 11;58(15):8495-501.
48
22. Al-Jaroudi D, Saleh A, Al-Obaid S, Agdi M, Salih A, Khan F. Pregnancy with cervical dysgenesis. Fertil Steril.
49
2011 Dec;96(6):1355-6.
50
23. Alexandrovich I. The effect of fennel (foeniculum vnlgare) seed oil emulsion in infantile colic. Alternate Therap
51
health Med. 2003; 9(4): 58.
52
24. Guerrera MP, Volpe SL, Mao JJ. Therapeutic uses of magnesium. Am Fam Physician. 2009 Jul 15; 80(2):157-62.
53
25. Moradi Lakeh M, Ramezani M, Ansari H.Factors influencing the use of herbal remedies/medicinal herbs among
54
the general population in Tehran, Iran .Payesh, Journal of The Iranian Institute For Health Sciences Research
55
2008;4(7): 313-20 .(Persian)
56
26. Hejazi SH, Shirani - Bidabadi L, Zolfaghari – Baghbaderani A, Saberi S, Nilforoushzadeh MA, Moradi SH & et
57
al. Comparision Effectivness of Extracts of Thyme, Yarrow, Henna and Garlic on Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Caused
58
by L. major in Animal Model (Balb/c). Journal of Medicinal Plants 2009; 30(8): 129-36 .(Persian)
59
27. Zhang W. Efficacy of minor analgesics in primary dysmenorrhea. Br J Ob Gyn. 1998; 105(7):780-9.
60
28. Murakami K, Sasaki S, Takahashi Y, Uenishi K, Watanabe T, Kohri T and et al. Dietary glycemic index is associated
61
with decreased premenstrual symptoms in young Japanese women. Nutrition 2008; 24(6): 554-61.
62
29. Rapkin A, How CN. Pelvic pain and dysmenorrhea. Berek JS, editor. Novak’s Gynecology. 13th ed. Philadelphia:
63
Lippincott CO; 2007;203-15.
64
30. Magowan B. Churchill’s pocketbook of obstetrics and gynecology. 2nd ed. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone;
65
1997;318-21.
66
31. Monga A. Gynecology by ten teachers. 18th ed. London: Edward Arnold; 2006;132.
67
32. Meda A, Lamien CE, Millolo J, Romito M, Nacoulma OG. Therapeutic uses of honey and honey bee larvae in
68
central Burkina Faso. J Ethnopharmacological communication. 2004; 95:103-7.
69
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The effect of Stress Inoculation Program (SIP) on nurses’ Perceived stress in psychiatric wards
Background: Psychiatric Nurses tolerate high levels of occupational stress. So stress management programs should be developed to prevent those effects on nurses. Aim: to determine the effect of SIP on nurses’ perceived stress in psychiatric wards. Method: In this randomized clinical trial 60 nurses and healthcare workers, working in Ebne-Sina Psychiatric Hospital were enrolled. They were randomly assigned between two groups based on work shift and job status. Intervention consisted of two 8-hour workshop sessions with one week interval, including SIP training. Kohn Perceived Stress Scale was used as data gathering scale, at the beginning of the study, after 2nd session and 1 month thereafter, in which the higher score indicated the lower level of stress. Data were analyzed using statistical tests including student t test, Chi-square and AVOVA with SPSS version 11.5. Results: The results showed that perceived stress was increased one week and one month after intervention (32/2 ± 7/4 at the beginning of the study vs. 36/4 ±7/9 one week and 40/1 ±4/9 one month after the intervention) (P<0/005). However, the average perceived stress score decreased in the control group one week and one month after the intervention compared with the beginning of the study (P=0/0000). Conclusion: Since S.I.P is an affordable, effective and safe manner to improve the nurses’ perceived stress, it is proposed for reduction of job stress and as a consequence improving the quality of nursing care.
https://ebcj.mums.ac.ir/article_388_0609ba2635f8e3303c9b305c8eb75f63.pdf
2012-04-01
35
44
10.22038/ebcj.2012.388
Stress Inoculation Program
Perceived stress
nurse
Psychiatric ward
Seyed reza
Mazlom
mazloumsr@mums.ac.ir
1
PhD condidation, Faculty member, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Fatemeh
Darban
fatemehdarban@gmail.com
2
MSc in Psychiatric Nursing, Faculty member, School of Nursing and Midwifery, zahedan University of Medical Sciences, zahedan, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Saeed
Vaghei
saeed vaghee@mums.ac.ir
3
MSc in Psychiatric Nursing, Faculty member, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Morteza
Modarres gharavi
modaresm@mums.ac.ir
4
PhD in Clinical Psychology, Faculty member, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Masoud
Kashani lotfabadi
5
MSc in Clinical Psychology
AUTHOR
Mohamad
Shad
6
MSc in Psychiatric Nursing
AUTHOR
1. Wu S, Zhu W, Wang Z, Wang M, Lan Y. Relationship between burnout and occupational stress among nurses in
1
China. J Adv Nurs. 2007:59(3):233-9
2
2. Lundberg U. stress hormones in health ann illness. The role of work and gende. Psychoneuoendocrinology.
3
2005;30(10):1017-21
4
3. Lee I,Wong H. Occupational stress and related factor in public health nurses.J Nurs Res. 2002;10(4):253-60
5
4. Raiger J. Applying a cultural lens to the concept of burnout. Journal Transcultural Nursing. 2005;16(1):71-6
6
5. Attar A. stress factors in emergency ward nurses. Journal of fundamentals of Mental Health. 2000;1(2):80-5 (Persian)
7
6. Chang EM, Hancock KM, Johnson A, Daly J, Jackson D. Role stress in nurses: Review of related factors and
8
strategies for moving forward. Nurs Health Sci 2005;7(1):57-65
9
7. Ross SE. sources of stress among nurses. J Nurs Res. 1999;26:83-90
10
8. Cleary M. realities of mental health nursing in acute inpatient enviroments. International journal of mental health
11
nursing. 2004;13:53-60
12
9. Rufer M, Albrecht R, Schmidt O, Zaum J, Schnyder U, Hand I, Mueller CP. Changes in quality of life following
13
cognitive-behavioral group therapy for panic disorder. European Psychiatry 2010;25(1):8–14
14
10. Linden W. Stress management: from basic science to better practice. Philadelphia: SAGE Publications;2005:83-5
15
11. Davis C, Cooke M, Holzhauser K, Jones M, Finucane J. The effect of aromatherapy massage with music on the
16
stress and anxiety levels of emergency nurses. Australasian Emergency Nursing Journal. 2005;8:43-50
17
12. meichenbam D. stress inoculatin training: a preventitive and treatment approach. 3rd edi. guilford press, 2007
18
13. Ogden J. Health Psychology. Spain: McGraw-Hill; 2004:70
19
14. Kiani R, Sodani M, Seidian M, Shafi Abady A. The effectiveness of stress inoculation group training on Somatization
20
and Anxiety of the coronary heart disease patients. Sci Med J. 2010;9(5):495-506 (Persian)
21
15. Spencer M. stress inoculation training for single mothers. phD thesis, University of Hartford, 2010
22
16. Sheehy R, Horan J. Effects of Stress Inoculation training for first year law students. international journal of
23
stress management. 2004;11:41-55
24
17. Rahgooy A, Fallahi Khshknab M, Karimloo M, Gaeeni M. The effect of application method of stress inoculation
25
on Stress of Nurses. Journal of Rehabilitation. 2004;7(2):61-5 (Persian)
26
18. Kawaharada M, Yoshioka E, Saijo Y, Fukui T, Ueno T, Kishi R. The Effects of a Stress Inoculation Training
27
Program for Civil Servants in Japan: a Pilot Study of a Non-randomized Controlled Trial. Industrial Health.
28
2009;47:173–82
29
19. Bastani F, Rahmatnejad L, Jesmi F, Haghani H. Breastfeeding Self Efficacy and Perceived Stress. Iranian Journal
30
of Nursing. 2008;21(54):9-22 (Persian)
31
20. Mohammadi Yeganeh L, Bastani F, Feizi Z, Agilar Vafaie M. the Effect of stress management training on mood
32
and perceived stress in women consuming contraceptive pills. Iranian Journal of Nursing. 2009;21(53):2-12 (Persian)
33
21. Michalsen A, Grossman P, Lehmann N, Knoblauch NTM, Paul A, Moebus S et al. Psychological and Qualityof-
34
Life Outcomes from a Comprehensive Stress Reduction and Lifestyle Program in Patients with Coronary Artery
35
Disease: Results of a Randomized Trial. Psychother Psychosom. 2005;74:344–52
36
22. Lopez C, Antoni M, Penedo F, Weiss D, Cruess S, Segotas MC et al. A pilot study of cognitive behavioral stress
37
management effects on stress, quality of life, and symptoms in persons with chronic fatigue syndrome. Journal of
38
Psychosomatic Research. 2011;70:328–34
39
23. Sarid O, Berger R, Segal-Engelchin D.The impact of cognitive behavioral interventions on SOC, perceived
40
stress and mood states of nurses. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences 2010;2:928–32
41
24. ShahAbadi SH, Kharamin SHA, Firozi MR, HoosiniMotlagh SA, Malekzadeh MDetermination of the Effect of
42
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy on Stress among Nurses at Yasuj Shahid Beheshti Hospital in 2009. Journal of Armaghane
43
Danesh. 2010;4(56):392-403 (Persian)
44
25. Hains AA. A stress inoculation training program for adolescents in a high school setting: a multiple baseline approach.
45
Journal of Adolescence 1992; 15:163-75
46
26. Eetemadi Th. Comparison and relationship job stress with aspects of job satisfaction at nurses who work in
47
CCU and other units of heart hospitals of Tehran and iran medical sciences university. MSD Thesis Tehran: Alzahra
48
University; 2004
49
27. Glasberg AL, Eriksson S, Norberg A. Burnout and stress of conscience among healthcare personnel. Journal of
50
Advanced Nursing. 2007;57(4):392–403
51
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The effect of a program designed based on PRECEDE-PROCEED model on adolescents’ mental health and their parents’ participation
Background: Parents have high motivation to provide mental health promotion for their adolescents, but cannot treat them effectively due to the lack of knowledge and an organized model to do accordingly. Aim: To evaluate the effect of an educational program based on PRECEDE- PROCEED Model on adolescents’ mental health and their parents’ participation. Method: The study was a randomized controlled clinical trial that was carried out on 66 parents referred to health centers of Mashhad, along with their teenage sons in 2011who were randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups. Dimensions of mental health of adolescents was measured by GHQ-28 )General Health Questionnaire). Then intervention program consisted of 8 60-minutes sessions was carried out for experimental group for two months. One month after the intervention, adolescents’ mental health was again measured. Data were analyzed with SPSS Version17 software using independent and paired t-test and chi-square. Results: A significant increase was seen in the score of mental health of adolescents in the experimental group compared to the control group (P=0.003). Also the score of knowledge (P=0.021), attitude (P=0.001) and the behavior of parents’ participation (P=0.014) had a significant increase after intervention. Conclusion: PRECEDE-PROCEED model is useful in designing health promotion programs, therefore it is suggested that the training of this model to be considered in nursing curriculum.
https://ebcj.mums.ac.ir/article_389_41d52bcfea43a5741e4702004efdcbad.pdf
2012-04-01
45
54
10.22038/ebcj.2012.389
Parents’ participation
Mental health
Adolescent
Precede-Proceed model
Hamid reza
Zendeh talab
zendehtalabhr@mums.ac.ir
1
MSc in Community Health Nursing, Faculty member, School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
1. Moshki M. Using the PRECEDE- PRECEDE Model in combination with health locos of control for mental health
1
promotion of university students. (Thesis Ph.D Health Education), Trarbiat Modares University; 2007. (Persian)
2
2. Zendehtalab HR. Effect of parents participation program on self esteem of masculine adolescents of high school
3
in Mashhad, (Thesis MSc Nursing),Trarbiat Modares University; 1998. (Persian)
4
3. WHO Regional Office for Europe: Community health needs assessment: an introductory guide for the family
5
health nurse in Europe. Available at: http://www.euro.who.int/document/e73498.pdf
6
4.Ying L, Jia C, Hui L, Daikun L, Yang W, Jia H. Community health needs assessment with PRECEDE-PROCEED
7
model: a mixed methods study. BMC Health Services Research 2009: 9: 181.
8
5. Bao Y, He Y, Zhang J, Mo ZB, Li XH. Design of working programming of health education and health promotion
9
in China city community. Chinese General Practice 2004: 7(3):146-8.
10
6. Saffari M, Shojaeizade D. Principles and foundations of health promotion and education.Tehran: Samat:2008.
11
7. Bastani F. The effect of relaxation training based on PRECEDE and HBM model and self-efficacy theory on
12
reduction of anxiety and result of pregnancy in pregnant women,(Thesis Ph.D Health Education), Tarbiat Modares
13
University. 2004. (Persian)
14
8.Saffari M, Shojaizadeh D, Gofranipour F, Heidarnia A, Pakpour A. Health education and promotion; theories,
15
models and method. Tehran: Sobhan:2008. (Persian)
16
9. Lin LZ, Zhou CM, Yu QH, Ye YY: Influence of PRECEDE- PRECEDE model of oral health education on KAP of
17
pupils. Health, 2005; 21(17):537-9.
18
10. Butler Th. Principle of health education and health promotion.Wads Words Co: 2000.
19
11. Hazavehei MM, Sabzmakan L, Hassanzadeh A, Rabief K. The effect of PRECEDE Model-based educational
20
program on depression level in patients with coronary artery bypass grafting. The Journal of Qazvin University of
21
Medical Sciences, 2008: 12(2), 32-40. (Persian)
22
12.Nazari M, Heidarnia A, Eftekhar Ardebili H, Mobasheri M, Amin Shokravi F, Niknami SH, et al. Intervention
23
based on PRECEDE-PROCEED for promoting safety behaviors in primary school boys. J Armaghan-e- Danesh
24
2008: 13(2): 83-93. (Persian)
25
13. Huang, JH. Health Promotion in Community. Health, 2003. 19(6):421-3.
26
14. Hazavehei MM, Sabzmakan L, Hassanzadeh A, Rabief K. The effect of PRECEDE Model-based educational
27
program on depression level in patients with coronary artery bypass grafting. The Journal of Qazvin University of
28
Medical Sciences, 2008: 12(2), 32-40. (Persian)
29
15.Deren S, Kang SY, Rapkin B, Robles RR, Andia JF, Colon HM. The utility of the PRECEDE model in predicting
30
HIV risk behaviors among puerto rican injection drug users. AIDS and Behavior, 2003: 7: 405-12.
31
16. Jones SC, Donovan RJ: Does theory inform practice in health promotion in Australia? Health Educ Res, 2004:
32
19(1):1-14.
33
17. Yeo M, Berzins S, Addington D: Development of an early psychosis public education program using the
34
PRECEDE-PROCEED model. Health Educ Res, 2007: 22(5):639-47.
35
18. Yang QM, Lin W, Du M: Strategy and analysis health education and health promotion in community of Shanghai
36
City. Tianjin Journal of Nursing 2008: 16(5):251-2.
37
19. Onken, L. PRECEDE-PROCEED and the NIDA stage model: the value of a conceptual framework for interven-
38
tion research. Journal of Public Health Dentistry 2011: 71:518-9.
39
20.Ying L, Jia C, Hui L, Daikun L, Yang W, Jia H. Community health needs assessment with PRECEDE-PROCEED
40
model: a mixed methods study. BMC Health Services Research 2009: 9: 181.
41
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The effect of combined isometric and isotonic exercises on brain stroke patients’ static balance
Background: Balance in stroke patients because of damage to muscles and control centers of the body are disrupted. Aim: To determine the effect of combined isometric and isotonic exercises on brain stroke patients’ static balance. Method: In this clinical trial, 30 male patients with brain stroke were randomly allocated to one of experimental or control groups. An 8-week combined isometric and isotonic exercise program was performed at Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. The program was performed for an hour three times a week. Before and after implementation of exercise program, the status of subjects’ balance was measured by Biodex Stability System. The data were analyzed using independent and paired t-test (). Results: The mean age of men in the experimental and control group was 55.07±6.11 and 52.67±5.67, respectively. There was a significant difference in the score of static (p=0.876), lateral (p=0.001) and anterior-posterior (p=0.805) balance in the experimental group after exercise program compared to the beginning of the study. But no significant difference was seen in this score in the control group after intervention. Conclusion: The combined isometric and isotonic exercises have positive effect on the brain stroke patients’ static balance. Nurses can use of these exercises without any need to special equipments.
https://ebcj.mums.ac.ir/article_390_fdb724efad4da56c3e4ac1d54a974223.pdf
2012-04-01
55
63
10.22038/ebcj.2012.390
Stroke
Static balance
Isometric
isotonic
Ali akbar
Hashemi javaheri
hashemi07@yahoo.com
1
Professor in Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Abbas
Nouriyan
2
Assistant Professor in Neurology, Islamic Azad University of Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Majid
Zandi
majeedzandi@yahoo.com
3
MSc in Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Reza
Khanzadeh
r.khanzadeh84@gmail.com
4
MSc in Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Mahmood
Khodabakhshi
5
MSc in Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
1. Akbari A, Karimi H, Ghabaei M. Effective practice on the lower limb muscles concentric antiseptor posture in patients
1
with chronic hemi paresis after stroke. J Research grace. 2006; 10(1):21-7 (Persian).
2
2.Nurian K, Kazemian A, Aslani U, masome A. Rehabilitation measures impact on quality of life of patients with
3
stroke. J Zanjan University of medical sciences. 2005; 13(50):22-7(Persian).
4
3. Sze K, Wong E, Leung H, Woo J. Falls among Chinese stroke patients during rehabilitation, J arch Phys Med Rehabil.
5
2001; 82(12): 19-25.
6
4. Hesse S, Konrad M, Uhlenbrock D. Treadmill walking with partial body weight support versus floor walking in
7
hemi paretic subjects. J arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1999; 80(4): 421-7.
8
5. Akbari A, Karimi H, Ghabaei M. Effect strengthening exercise on muscle strength and ability to move the lower
9
extremities in patients with chronic hemi paresis due to stroke. J two south medical. 2009; 8(1): 22-30(Persian).
10
6. Bohannon R, Leary K. Standing balance and function over the course of acute rehabilitation. J arch Phys Med Rehabil.
11
1995; 76(11):994-6.
12
7. Harris J, Eng J, Marigold D, Tokuno C, Louis C. Relationship of balance and mobility to fall incidence in people
13
with chronic stroke. J phys Ther. 2005; 85(2): 150-8.
14
8.Fahimi A, Karimi H, Rahbar S, Ashayeri H, Faghihzade S. Balance between independence in activities of daily living
15
in stroke patients to treatment centers in Tehran in 2002, J Rafsanjan university of medical sciences. 2006; 5(3):
16
193-200(Persian).
17
9. Donato SM, Pulaski KH. Over view of balance impairment: Functional implications, In: gillen G, burkhardt, stroke
18
rehabilitional: a functional based approach. 2nd ed. Usa:mosby. 2004;145-63.
19
10. Hork FB, Henry S, Shumray A. Postural perturbation: New insight for treatment of balance disorders. J phys ther.
20
1999; 77(5): 159-72.
21
11. Paillex R, So A. Changes in the standing posture of stroke patients during rehabilitation. J gait Posture. 2005;
22
21(4): 403-9.
23
12. Tyson S, Hanley M, Chillala J, Selley A, Tallis RC. Balance disabilityafter stroke. JSports Phys Ther. 2006; 86(1):
24
13. Pedretti L.W. Occupational therapy, practice skill for physical dysfunction. Fourth Edition. copyright © 1996.
25
Mosby – year beck, Inc.843-80.
26
14. Nashner L. Adapting reflexes controlling the human posture. J exp brain Res. 1976; 26(1): 59-72.
27
15. Fu-Ling Tung, Cheng Hsin, Shih-Pai. Balance outcomes after additional sit-to-stand training insubjects with
28
stroke: a randomized controlled trial, J clin rehabil. 2010; 24(6): 533–42.
29
16. Srivastava A, Arun B, Taly, Anupam G, Senthil K, Thyloth M. Post-stroke balance training: Role of force platform
30
with visual feedback technique. J Neurol Sci. 2009; 287(1-2): 89–93.
31
17. Ghasemi E, Shayegannejad V, Bakhshizade F, Hosseinpour A, A comparative study of exercise therapy on functional
32
gait and balance in people with hemiplegic on the right and the left,J research rehabilitation science. 2007;
33
3(1):61-75(Persian).
34
18. Salavat M, Moghadam M, Ebrahimi I, Arab A. Changes in postural stability with fatigue of lowerextremity frontal
35
and sagittal plane movers. J gait Posture. 2007; 26(2): 214–8(Persian).
36
19.Zandi M. The effect of combined isometric and isotonic exercises on brain stroke patients’ static balance and
37
muscle strength,(Thesis M.sc Physical Education & Sport Science), mashhad of school Physical Education & Sport
38
Science of mashhsd Ferdowsi University;1390.
39
20. Gerald V, Smith, Larry W, Forrester, Kenneth H, Richard F. Effects of treadmill training on
40
Translational balance perturbation responses in chronic hemi paretic stroke patients. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2000;
41
9(5):238-24.
42
21. Akbari A, Karimi H, Kazemnejad A, Ghabaei M. Motor dysfunction in patients with hemi paresis and the exercise
43
protocol in the treatment of these disorders FBS. J Shahed University Scientific – Research. 2005; 12(56):1-12
44
(Persian).
45
22. Vearrier L, Jeanne L, Anne S, Marjorie W. An intensive massed practice approach to retraining balance poststroke.
46
J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2000; 9(5): 238-45.
47
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The effect of aquatic aerobics exercises on some of cardiovascular risk factors in patients with multiple scleroesis
Background: The most common complications of multiple sclerosis (MS) are fatigue, muscle cramps, tremore, squint, imbalance and gait disorders. Doing aquatic aerobics exercises lead to an increase in both physical strength as well as the domain of body movement in M.S patients. In addition, making the balance against the risk factors would decrease the risk of getting cardiovascular disease. Aim: Toinvestigate the effect of aquatic aerobics exercise on some of cardiovascular risk factors in female MS patients. Method: In this quasi-experimental study, 40 female MS patients on the basis of illness degree were allocated randomly into two groups. The experimental group participated in the exercise program for 8 weeks, each week three sessions with intensity of 50-60 percent of the maximum heart rate. The cardiovascular risk factors were measured in experimental and control groups before and after exercise. Blood cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL and HDL were also measured. The collected data were analyzed by independent and paired t test. Results: After the exercise, the experimental group showed significant decrease in LDL (p<0.001), cholesterol (p<0.001) and triglyceride (p<0.005). There was no significant difference in HDL level in experimental group. Conclusion: Aquatic aerobics exercises cause an increase in physical strength in M.S patients so that moderate the cardiovascular risk factors and decrease the risk of cardiovascular diseases. So, it is recommended to specialists to use these exercises as a supplementary treatment besides medical treatments for MS patients.
https://ebcj.mums.ac.ir/article_392_282cb5a6be2feb09f5524fd24df696cd.pdf
2012-04-01
65
74
10.22038/ebcj.2012.392
Multiple Sclerosis
aquatic aerobics exercise
cardiovascular risk factors
Rambod
Khajei
1
Department of physical education, Neyshabure branch, Islamic Azad University, Neyshabure, Iran
AUTHOR
Mahmood
Soltani
soltani.mahmood@gmail.com
2
Department of physical education, Mashhad branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Seyed mahmood
Hejazi
sm.hejazi37@gmail.com
3
MSc Physiology student, Mashhad branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Salehe
Noor Nematolahi
4
Department of physical education, Mashhad branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Ahmad
Zendedel
5
Department of physical education, Neyshabure branch, Islamic Azad University, Neyshabure, Iran
AUTHOR
Marzieh
Ashkani far
6
MSc Physiology student, Mashhad branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
1. Soltani M, Hejazi SM, Noorian A, Zendedel A, Ashkanifar M. The Effect of Aerobic Training
1
on the Improvement of Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) in Multiple Sclerosis Patients.
2
JMS. 2009 ;( 1) 5: 15-20.
3
2. Armstrong LE, Winant DM, Swasey PR, Seidle ME, Carter AL, Gehlsen G.Using isokinetic dynamometry to test
4
ambulatory patients with multiple sclerosis. Phys Ther. 1983 Aug; 63(8):1274-9.
5
3. Soltani M, Hejazi SM, Noorian A, Zendedel A, Ashkanifar M. The Effect of Selected
6
Aerobic Exercise on the Balance Improvement in Multiple Sclerosis Patients. J Mashhad
7
School Nurs Midw. 2009; 9(2): 107-13. (Persian)
8
4. Taraghi Z .Quality of Life among Multiple Sclerosis Patients. Iran Journal of Nursing. 2007;
9
20(5): 49-57. (Persian)
10
5. Abedini M, Habibi Saravi R, Zarvani A, Farahmand M. Epidemiology of multiple sclerosis in Mazandaran, Iran,
11
2007. Prevalence and Indicate Epidemiologic aspects, Journal of mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. 2008;
12
18(66):82-6. (Persian)
13
6. Soltani M, Hejazi SM, Khjei R, Rashidlamir A. Investigating the Effect of Aquatic Aerobic Training on the Speed of
14
Walking in High and Low-Degree Multiple Sclerosis Patients. Iranian Journal of Health and Physical Activity .2011;
15
2 (1): 67-72. (Persian)
16
7. Mollaoglu M, Ustun E.Fatigue in multiple sclerosis .J clin NURS 2009 May; 18(9): 1231-8.
17
8. Motl RW, Mcauley E,Snook EM. Physical and multiple sclerosis:a meta – analysis. Mult Sclera. 2005(Aug); 11(4):
18
9. Danni- M, Splendiani G, Efficacy of Aerobic Training on Fatigue and quality of life in multiple Sclerosis. ECTRIMS.
19
2004 ECTRIMS 04. VIENNA 20Th congress of the European committee for treatment and Research in Multiple
20
sclerosis 9th Annual meeting on Rehabilitation of MS October 6-9 2004.
21
10. Matuska K,Mathiowetz V,Finlayson M.Use and perceived effectiveness of energy conservation strategies for managing
22
multiple sclerosis fatigue. Am J Occup 2007 Jan – feb ; 61 (1):62-9 .
23
11. Jafarian, Najibeh; Sadeghi, Amir. Multiple sclerosis and their care. Tehran: Publication of a healthy, communityminded.
24
2007. (Persian)
25
12. Wiles CM, Newcombe RG, Fuller KJ, Shaw S, Furnival-Doran J, Pickers gill TP. Controlled Randomised Crossover
26
trail of the effects ofphysiotherapy on mobility in chronic multiple sclerosis. Journal ofNeurology, Neurosurgery
27
& psychiatry. 2001; 70(2): 174-9.
28
13. Stuifbergen AK,Blozis SA , Harrison TC ,Becker HA .Exercise , Functional limitation , and quality of life : a longitudinal
29
study of persons with multiole dclerosis. Phys Med Rehabil. 2006; 87:935-43.
30
14. Dalgas U,Stenager E ,Ingemann– Hansen T . Multiple sclerosis and physical exercise:
31
Recommendations for the application of ressistance – endurance and combined training. Mult sclera. 2008 Jan; 14(1):
32
15. Motle RW, Arnett PA, Smith MM, Barwick FH, Ahlstrom B, and Stover EJ .Worsening of symptoms is associated
33
with lower physical activity level in individuals multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 2008 Jan; 14(1): 140-2.
34
16. soltani M, Hejazi SM, Norian A, Zendedel A, Ashkanifar M.Comparing the Effect of 8 week aquatic aerobic training
35
on the rate of balance on high & low degree M.S patients.6th International Congress on Physical Education and
36
sport Sciences 4-6 March 2008.
37
17. Atashzadeh F, Shiri H, Moshtaqe esheqi Z.Effect of Exercise Training on Activity of Daily
38
Living in Women with Multiple Sclerosis in Iranian Multiple Sclerosis Society. Journal of Rafsenjan University of
39
Medical Sciences 2003 ;( 3)9:164 –71. (Persian)
40
18. White LJ ,McCoy SC ,Castellano V ,Gutierrez G ,Stevens JE ,Walter Ga et al.Resistance training improves strength
41
and functional capacity in person with multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 2004 Dec; 10(6): 668-74.
42
19. Woods DA.Aquatic exercise programs for patient with multiple sclerosis. Clin kinesiol 1992; 45:14-20.
43
20. Miyatake N, Matsumoto S, Nishhikawa H, Numata T. Relationship between body composition changes and the
44
blood pressure response to exercise test in overweight Japans subjects. Act Med Okayama. 2007; 61(1):1-7
45
21. Ring- Dimit riou,S. Nine months aerobic fitness induced changes on blood lipids and lipoproteins in untrained
46
subjects versus controls. Euro J Apple physiol.2007; 99(3): 9-291
47
22. Mximo Maislos. Marked increase in plasma high Ramadan. Am J Clin. 1993; 18(5):640-2
48
Improved diabetes control after prolonged fasting – the Ramadan model
49
23. Vuorhamaa t, Ahotuupa m, Irjala k, Vasankarl t. Acut prolonged exercise reduces moderately oxidized LDL in
50
healthy men. Into J Sports Med 2005, 26: 420-5
51
24. Higushi M, Hashimoto I. Effect of exercise training on plasma HDL lipoprotein level at content weight’s Japan
52
utter. 1983; 1: 1-23
53
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Assessment of the Effect of Continuing Education Program on Nurse’s Knowledge, Attitude and Performance about Documentation
Background: Documentation is one of the nurses’ professional tasks, which is an important component of medical evidence and patient’s record. Finding effective teaching methods for enhancing nurses’ ability in documentation can be helpful. Aim: This study was performed to determine the effect of continuing education program on nurse’s knowledge, attitude and performance about documentation. Method: A quasi-experimental before and after design was carried out on 62 nurses who were working at a public hospitals in Kerman and were randomly allocated to two experimental (n = 32) and control groups (n = 30). Data collection tools were a self-structured questionnaire as well as tools for measurement of knowledge, attitude, performance, and competency of subjects regarding nursing documentation, which were completed before and after implementing a continuing education program. Data were analyzed using Chi-Square, paired t- tests and independent t- tests with SPSS version 14. Results: There were significant differences between nurses who participated in the intervention and control groups in terms of knowledge (P =0.000), attitude (P=0.000), performance (P=0 .001) and competency (P=0 .000) towards documentation. The findings showed that there was no statistically significant difference between two groups in relation to demographic variables. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that continuing education program promote knowledge, attitude, performance and competency of nurses on documentation. It is recommended to accomplish more studies about learning stability following employing this method and its comparison with other educational methods.
https://ebcj.mums.ac.ir/article_393_a858f722348da5810cfad24a1676e062.pdf
2012-04-01
75
83
10.22038/ebcj.2012.393
Knowledge
Attitude
Performance
Nursing Documentation continuing education
Abbas
Abbas zadeh
1
Associate Professor, Department of Medical- Surgical Nursing, and Physiology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
AUTHOR
Hakimeh
Sabeghi
2
Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Abbas
Heydari
heidarya@mums.ac.ir
3
Professor of Nursing, Evidence Based Care Research Center; Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Fariba
Borhani
hr21@yahoo.com
4
Assistant Professor, Department of Medical- Surgical Nursing, Razi School of Nursing and Midwifery, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
AUTHOR
1. Antoinette M. Documentation Practices of Nurses in Long-term Care. JCN. 1999; 7(2):345-52.
1
2. Rosdahi C B, Kowalski M T. Text Book of Basic Nursing. 9th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott William & Wilkins;
2
3. Taylor C, Lillis C, LeMone P. Fundamentals of Nursing: The Art and Science of Nursing Care. 5th ed. Philadelphia:
3
Lippincott William & Wilkins; 2005.
4
4. Wilkinson JM, Leuven K V. Fundamentals of Nursing: Theory, Concepts and Applications. Philadelphia: F.A. Davis
5
Company; 2008.
6
5. Harkeader H. Textbook of fundamental of nursing care: a clinical judgment. Philadelphia: W.B saunders Co; 2000.
7
6. Ghazanfari Z, Sheykhpour-khani M, Haghdoost A A. [Nurse’s Knowledge and Practice of the Principles of Nursing
8
Documentation at Hospitals of Kerman University of Medical Sciences (Persian)]. IJN. 2009; 22(59):15-22.
9
7. Hanifi N, Mohammadi A.[Barrasie elele adame gozareshnevisie parasterie sahih(Persian)]. Hayat 2004; 10(21):
10
8. Abraham A. Poor Systems and Staffing Problems Led to Poor Patient Outcomes. Prof Nurse 2003; 18(10): 576-7.
11
9. Ghamari Zare Z, Anousheh M, Vanaki Z, Hajizadeh E. [Effects of Peer Review Process on Quality of Nursing Records
12
(Persian)]. FNMQ. 2008; 18(61): 46-54.
13
10. Baghaie M, Atrkar Roushan Z. [A Comparison of Two Teaching Strategies: Lecture and PBL, on Learning and
14
Retaining in Nursing Students (Persian)]. JUMS. 2003; 12(47):86-94.
15
11. Moemeni E, Malekzade J M. [Comparing the Effect of Pamphlet versus Lecture on the Nutritional Knowledge of
16
Health Communicators (Persian)]. AD. 2000-2001; 5(19-20):49-54.
17
12.Zou Alfaghari M, Sarmadi M R, Negarandeh R, Zandi B, Ahmadi F. [Attituds of Nursing and Midwifery School's
18
Faculty toward Blended E-learning at Tehran University of Medical Sciences(Persian)]. Hayat. 2009; 15(1):31-9.
19
13. Alavi S, et al. [The Comparison of Rapid E-learning Approach and Traditional E-learning in Staff In-service Training
20
in Tehran University of Medical Sciences (Persian)]. KH. 2009; 4(1):16-23.
21
14. Heravi M, Jadid Milani M, Rezheh N. [The Effect of Lecture and Focus Group Teaching Methods on Nursing
22
Students Learning in Community Health Course (Persian)]. IJME. 2004; 4 (11):55-9.
23
15. Jalali R. [The Survey of Nurses’ Viewpoint on Continuing Nursing Education in the Teaching Hospitals in Kermanshah,
24
2002 (Persian)]. SDME. 2004; 1(2): 113-20.
25
16. Safavi A. [General Teaching Methods and Techniques (Persian)]. Tehran: Moaser; 2008.
26
17. Salimi T, Shahbazi L, Mojahed SH, Ahmadieh M H, Dehghanpour M H. [Comparing the Effects of Lecture and
27
Work in Small Groups on Nursing Students' Skills in Calculating Medication Dosage (Persian)]. IJME. 2007; 7(1
28
(17):79-84.
29
18. Khodam H, Sanagou A, Jouybari L. [Effectiveness of Continual Education on Quality of Nursing Records (Persian)].
30
JGUMS. 2001-2002; 3(8): 65-9.
31
19. Moattari M, Yadegari D, Hosseini J, Salami M. [Evaluation of Continuing Medical Education Program of General
32
Practitioners in Shiraz (Persian)]. Master Thesis in Medical Education, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science
33
20.Moattari M, Salami M, Azizi F, Panjeshahin MR. [Evaluation of Continuing Medical Education Program of General
34
Practitioners in Shiraz (Persian)]. JFMSBUMS. 2003; 1: 67-70.
35
21. Hoseini Shamlu S. [Assessment of the effect of Service Learning on Knowledge, Attitude and Performance of
36
Nurse Assistants’’ about Nosocomial Infections (Persian)]. NMQ.1997; 68-81.
37
22. Hughes P. Evaluating the impact of continual professional education. Nurs Educ Today 1990; 10(6): 428-9.
38
23.Bahri N, Khdivzadeh T, Bahri N. [Effect of Combined Education on Learning of Clinical Skills of Rural Midwives
39
Participated in a Midwifery Continuing Education Workshop (Persian)].SDME. 2009; 6(2):165-72.
40
24.Shakibi MR, Nouhi E, Haghdoust A, Moumenaei Kermani Sh. [Evaluation of The Efficacy of “The Best Prescription
41
Workshop” Held for General Physicians Liable to Continuous Education in Kerman Medical Science University
42
(Persian)].SDME. 2004; 1(1): 17-22.
43
25. Jalali R, Abdalmaleki P, Kahrizi M. [Continuous Nursing Education from Nurses’ Point of View (Persian)]. Behbood
44
2006; 10(1): 67-75.
45
26. Yousefy A, Rezaie A. [Continuing Medical Education (CME): A Basis for Quality Improvement of Health Services
46
(Persian)]. IJME. 2001; 1(1): 8-14.
47